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FOF应当怎么投资?来看看海外市场的经验

2017-09-11 07:27:39   中国经济网

在FOF发展的初期,得益于牛市的氛围,投资股票基金的权益型FOF往往能获得更可观的收益,投资者和基金公司都更倾向于选择这种类型的FOF。1990年市场上的20只FOF中,11只为投资股票基金的权益型FOF,另外9只为混合型和债券型FOF。但随着投资者越来越倾向于收益的稳定和更加平衡的配置,混合型FOF和债券型FOF的数量和占比都开始逐渐上升,从1997年开始就超过了权益类FOF,到了2008年之后更是稳定在90%以上。

目标日期型FOF成主流

上海证券基金评价研究中心分析师王博生告诉《每日经济新闻》记者,在发展较为成熟的美国FOF市场,目前以配置型的产品(Mixed Allocation)居多,主要是目标日期与目标风险类产品。从规模来看,其分别占美国FOF基金规模60%与15%左右。

所谓目标风险类产品,就是基金在市场发生变化组合风险发生偏移时,FOF会调整组合中资产配置的比例,以实现对风险目标的锁定。另一类更为主流的FOF产品——目标日期基金,其最大的特点就是随着时间的推移主动调整所持有的股票资产和债券资产的占比,在成立初期持仓大多以股票为主,随着时间越来越接近到期日,资产占比也会逐渐向债券资产倾斜,这样就能同时保证基金在长期的收益稳定。

持续时间长、收益稳定等特点给目标日期基金带来了非常广阔的市场,最契合并且运用最广的就是雇员退休金计划的投资。或者说,这就是为退休金计划量身定做的一项产品。大型的资管公司如贝莱德、富达基金、领航基金等也都早已建立了非常庞大的目标日期基金产品体系。

《每日经济新闻》记者以领航基金的“退休目标基金系列”为例,这个系列涵盖了从2010年至2060年为目标时间的十多只基金,投资者只需要根据自己的年龄或退休时间选择对应的产品即可,所有基金选择、资产配置和调整的工作都由基金公司来完成。系列中的基金直接投资领航旗下的指数基金,比如2006年成立的目标2010年的退休基金就投资了5只指数基金,对应股票资产占比约30%,债权资产占比70%左右,2016年成立的目标2060年的退休基金投资了4只指数基金,对应股票资产占比90%,债券资产仅有10%。

尽管这个系列的基金规模庞大,并且资产配置需要时常进行调整,但通过标准化的配置模式,基金的管理费率却相当低廉,仅有0.13%,行业平均水平也仅有0.34%,这也是目标日期基金广受欢迎的原因之一。ICI数据显示,最近10年以来,美国市场上目标日期基金的总规模增长了4770亿美元,截至2015年末已达到7630亿美元。

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