新闻 > 经济
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170909/31332633_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/23 19:40:35

Powered by China
China

七部委关于ICO公告的解读与思考

2017-09-09 07:21:44   中国经济网

再次,《公告》要求,代币融资交易平台不得从事法定货币与代币、“虚拟货币”相互之间的兑换业务,不得买卖或作为中央对手方买卖代币或“虚拟货币”,不得为代币或“虚拟货币”提供定价、信息中介等服务。

监管者叫停三种平台的相关业务,分别是融资平台、代币交易平台以及同时从事融资与代币交易的平台。其相关交易行为包括法定货币与代币之间的兑换,以及“虚拟货币”相互之间的兑换业务,即俗称的“币币交易”。对“币币交易”,此前国内一些虚拟货币交易机构认为,相应交易因不需要交易客户银行转账,亦未涉及国家法定货币,因此这是一种不应受到监管的交易业务。从《公告》来看,从业者对国内“币币交易”将来可能存在的政策风险,亦应引起充分重视。

当前《公告》尚仅限于ICO相关的代币交易机构,对于比特币等虚拟货币交易机构,目前监管态度尚不完全明确,相应规则亦暂未出台。国内比特币等虚拟货币业务最大的风险,仍然是政策风险,应引起从业者及投资者的高度重视。

最后,《公告》要求各金融机构和非银行支付机构不得开展与代币发行融资交易相关的业务,包括不得直接或间接为代币发行融资和“虚拟货币”提供账户开立、登记、交易、清算、结算等产品或服务。受限于2013年央行发布关于防范比特币风险的公告,国内金融机构和非银行支付机构通常未与代币融资交易提供相关服务。但是,近年来一些第三方支付机构开始为代币融资交易平台提供充值服务,此种行为应引起相关机构重视。

《公告》影响与思考

自《公告》发布后,市场上反应极其强烈。先前热闹纷呈的各类ICO路演活动,已偃旗息鼓。大量ICO众筹平台停止相关业务,一些项目发起人响应《公告》要求,主动撤下交易平台上的代币交易,并作好向投资人按持有代币比例退还比特币等虚拟货币的准备工作。个别项目发起人则计划将代币上线海外交易所。不过,一些海外项目质量比国内高,其ICO发展并未如国内一般野蛮生长,而是受到相应的监管严格。故而,中国ICO项目是否能至海外顺利融资,是个疑问。

ICO原本是极其便利的区块链创业融资工具,却被一些心怀不轨之人“玩坏”,殊为可惜。

笔者首先建议监管机构加强国际协作,强化ICO的国际监管。特别是与美国、西欧、日本及韩国等虚拟货币市场发达的地区开展合作。

其次,相关监管存在一些难题,特别是代币的法律定性尚不完全明了。ICO缺乏既有法律规范,代币法律性质悬而未定,监管者难以依附旧有法制搭建完整监管框架。立法者尚未对代币明确赋予货币、资产、股权、债权或者其它法律性质,虚拟货币在中国则被认定为特殊虚拟商品。因此,以中国法律理解,ICO更像是投资者以一种虚拟商品交换另一种虚拟商品。这种交换行为是否属于投资行为、买卖行为还是非法集资行为?学术界尚存较大争议。

最后,未来在ICO风险可控前提下,笔者建议,监管者对ICO众筹平台提出相应制度规范,比如众筹平台应拟定ICO项目上线标准,并依此事前对拟上线项目作形式上甚至部分实质上的审核,对参与ICO项目的投资者作适当性控制与项目风险警示,要求潜在投资人具备相应风险承担能力,对潜在专业投资人限定在币圈爱好者或高净值人群,以做好投资者适当性控制。

同时,监管者可鼓励个别有条件的地方政府开展ICO监管沙盒园,通过地方相关专业机构备案、审核及沙盒测试,降低ICO风险。在未来具体监管方针上,笔者建议由央行顶层设计,规划基本监管框架,由证监会牵头监管,会同地方金融办负责落实。

(作者系中央民族大学法学院教授)

上一页2/2下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170909/31332633_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/23 19:40:35

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170909/31332633_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/23 19:40:35

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170909/31332633_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/23 19:40:35

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170909/31332633_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/23 19:40:35

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170909/31332633_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/23 19:40:35

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170909/31332633_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/23 19:40:35

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170909/31332633_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/23 19:40:35

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170909/31332633_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/23 19:40:35

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170909/31332633_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/23 19:40:35

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170909/31332633_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/23 19:40:35

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170909/31332633_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/23 19:40:35

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170909/31332633_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/23 19:40:35

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170909/31332633_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/23 19:40:35

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170909/31332633_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/23 19:40:35

Powered by China
China