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乐视金融涉违规 发行类资产证券化产品未披露底层资产

2017-09-06 07:07:03   中国经济网

去年8月24日,银监会颁布的《暂行办法》中第十条,明确规定了网络借贷信息中介机构不得从事或者接受委托从事的十三类活动,其中第八类禁止的行为是“开展类资产证券化业务或实现以打包资产、证券化资产、信托资产、基金份额等形式的债权转让行为”。

一名长期关注互联网金融领域的知名律师在接受《每日经济新闻》记者采访时表示,从穿透式监管的角度理解,保理公司通过互联网金融平台,把应收账款收益权打包分份进行转让的行为是被禁止的。

徐小磊认为,“乐享其成”产品也可以说是类资产证券化,保理公司通过互联网金融平台转让应收账款收益权这种形式,和前不久叫停的金交所模式相差不多,都是通过某种形式来冲破一些限制。类资产证券化主要有两种问题,一是资产不透明,经过包装后的资产难以追溯到基础资产是什么;二是通过层层包装,可能会绕开合格投资者的限制。

对此,乐视金融方面回应,供应链金融与保理融资业务系常规金融业务,广泛开展于具有供应链性质的企业,保理业务模式成熟且各企业开展方式大致相同。“乐享其成”系列产品中乐视保理以及其他保理公司,提供的应收账款债权、应收账款收益权的资产,均为依照相关法律法规开展的正规保理业务资产。保理业务具有真实的贸易往来关系,保理业务服务于实体行业。相关底层资产与乐视任何公司没有股权关联关系。

涉嫌关联融资

乐视金融“乐享其成”系列产品的协议合同显示,出让人为乐视保理,标的基础资产是基于原始债权人与债务人之间真实的贸易往来,原始债权人通过向债务人提供电子产品及服务,享有对债务人的应收账款。《每日经济新闻》记者注意到,这些产品的底层资产均未披露,从已披露的信息来看,无法得知具体的融资企业。

据乐视金融“乐享其成”系列产品信息服务协议显示,乐视金融系指乐信(北京)网络科技有限公司(以下简称乐信科技)。而据乐信科技在国家企业信用信息公示系统披露的2016年年报显示,2017年5月22日,其由乐视控股(北京)有限公司全资子公司,变更为乐视投资管理(北京)有限公司(以下简称乐视投资)全资子公司。工商资料显示,乐视保理是乐视投资的全资子公司,乐视金融、乐视保理的法人代表均为金杰。由此,乐视金融和乐视保理为关联公司。

徐小磊认为,关联融资一般是指和平台有关联关系的人(或企业)在本平台融资。关联关系是指公司控股股东、实际控制人、董事、监事、高级管理人员与其直接或者间接控制的企业之间的关系,以及可能导致公司利益转移的其他关系。如果这笔资金最终流向母公司,就可以说是关联融资。关联融资可能造成平台的风控形同虚设,使得关联企业的融资风险难以控制。

苏宁金融研究院互联网金融中心主任薛洪言向《每日经济新闻》记者表示,关联融资有一定的风险,平台在为关联方融资时,很可能放宽审核条件,让原本不具备融资资质的公司进行融资,这是一种高危行为,受到很多人的高度关注。

上述深圳某业内人士认为,乐视金融的这一做法有关联融资的嫌疑。关联融资的认定要回归到产品本身,去看真正的融资方究竟是哪家企业。监管条例规定对借款人部分信息的披露,可以进行脱敏处理,但乐视金融没有披露最终的融资方和资金去向,这种处理方式会让人对资金的流向产生怀疑,乐视保理是不是拿着做保理的这个幌子去干别的什么事情,不得而知。

李小川接受《每日经济新闻》记者采访时表示,真正的融资方是谁?乐视金融底层资产信息不透明,很可能涉嫌自融、关联融资。平台关联方在平台上的项目资质如何、质量如何,都是平台说了算,这对投资人是很不负责的。

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