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煤电一体化整合大幕开启 “中国神电”破壳 1.8万亿能源巨无霸谋变

2017-09-05 09:22:08   中国经济网

价格涨跌,生死之别。

国内煤炭价格在2011-2012年前后从高位盘整之后快速下挫,在2015年进一步下挫。从800元跌到500元,再到350元,秦皇岛中转5500大卡山西优混动力煤价格跌回到了十年前的低位。

影响在财报上亦逐渐显现。中国神华煤炭板块的毛利率从2009年的37%下降到2015年的16%,煤炭产量从最高峰的3.18亿吨下降到2015年的2.8亿吨,煤炭板块的经营收益则从最高的460亿元,下降到2015年的49.3亿元。

当时,整个行业都沉浸在压抑的气氛中。

据中国煤炭协会统计,在2015年,煤炭行业亏损面已经超过八成,上市的煤炭公司包括国投新集、神火股份、煤气化和山煤国际等,而连续亏损两年将面临被ST的风险;神华集团下属某公司管理层集体降薪的幅度高达40%,全体员工工资下调幅度为10%。另据央视报道,由于停工停产,煤炭行业失业待业人员超过10万人。

2016年2月,国务院公布煤炭化解过剩产能实现脱困发展指导意见,指出,要从2016年开始用3-5年时间,退出煤炭产能5亿吨左右,减量重组5亿吨左右。与此同时,要求全国所有煤矿必须按照全年作业时间不超过276个工作日,以控制产能。

同年5月,全国25个产煤省(区市)及新疆建设兵团签订目标责任书,共去煤炭产能8亿吨左右,涉及职工150万人。

根据中国煤炭工业协会副会长姜智敏2017年1月透露的数据,2016年全国煤炭行业实际去产能约为3亿吨,2017年去产能将少于2.5亿吨。

“市场自然的力量淘汰了很多煤矿,价格下跌得厉害,煤炭卖不出去,很多企业资金链断裂了,早就维持不住了。”王明对时代周报记者说。

终于,煤炭价格在2016年下半年迎来显著反弹。秦皇岛中转5500大卡山西优混动力煤价格,从400元左右上涨到2016年底的700元左右,之后短暂下滑,继而又继续反弹。

不过,按照王明的说法,虽然价格上涨了,但关停的煤矿很难复产,“国家政策压的力度很大,也需要走很多繁琐的手续,从评估、公告、上报再到审计,几乎是不可能”。

根据中国神华2016年年报,2016年公司煤炭平均销售价格,从每吨293元上涨到317元,煤炭产量也终于扭转了几年以来的下滑,从2015年的2.8亿吨上升到2016年的2.898亿吨。

而根据中国神华的2017年半年报,2017年上半年公司煤炭销售均价进一步上升到每吨425元,公司预计前三季度净利润同比增幅超过100%。

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