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资金面“赶考”:9月或得“出出汗”

2017-09-05 07:51:43   中国经济网

一是当前超储率可能比6月更低。据央行公布,今年6月末,金融机构超额准备金率为1.4%,但在缴税、央行货币政策操作、资产运用等影响下,三季度以来超额准备金率有所走低。据海通证券姜超团队估算,8月末的银行超储率在1.1%左右。更低的超储率意味着流动性在面临各类扰动时,可能出现更明显波动,这也促使金融机构加强预防性资金储备,导致预防性资金需求上升。

二是9月流动性供求面临的扰动因素不少。最典型的当属金融监管考核,9月是传统季末月份,会面临以MPA、LCR为代表的时点考核,容易出现阶段性流动性紧张。除此以外,因9月末在国庆长假之前,居民取现及购汇也会给本币流动性带来一定影响。天风证券孙彬彬团队指出,9月会出现一定幅度的现金走款,平均规模在一到两千亿之间,这部分走款在9月末时较为明显。

今年9月还有高达2.33万亿元的同业存单将到期,进一步增添资金面的变数。同业存单到期并不直接影响超储,发行人虽面临偿付负债的压力,但于持有人而言,则释放了一部分可用资金,因此金融体系资金量并不会因此出现变化。然而,在负债压力较大、跨季资金需求较旺的情况下,到期同业存单面临滚动续发,会由于供求重新匹配和资金在途而产生摩擦,银行也因为不确定性增加而倾向于增加备付,减少对外拆出资金。

中信建投黄文涛团队认为,8月同业存单连续三周出现负的净融资,在银行同业存单发行需求旺盛,且银行流动性仍靠同业存单持续滚动维持的情况下,8月以来同业存单监管加强对同业存单发行的抑制作用已初步体现出来。随着监管进一步趋严,以及货基监管带来的负面压力,考虑9月面临2.33万亿同业存单到期压力,不排除出现5月同业存单净融资大幅跌落至负值的情况,这也意味着9月银行资金面能否同7月、8月一般继续维持总体平稳存在疑问。

此外,季末月财政资金通常会出现净投放,历史平均投放量在2500亿元附近,预计9月末财政支出也会带来一定量的流动性供应,但鉴于财政收税与支出存在时间上的错位,9月中旬仍可能面临缴税的扰动。

三是在超储低、扰动多的情况,货币市场运行关键取决于央行调控,但央行态度似乎比二季度更强硬。央行在8月份连续实施净回笼,不禁让市场怀疑货币政策取向是否出现了变化。8月央行通过OMO净回笼4080亿元,为4月以来首次出现月度净回笼;另外,8月市场利率中枢上行,资金面紧张超出预期,反映出央行对流动性波动容忍度上升。市场猜测,这可能与5月、6月资金面边际改善后,一些机构重新加杠杆操作有关。为保持去杠杆成果,支持金融防风险,央行仍将保持一定的流动性压力。

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