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快运列车向零散货物找市场

2017-09-05 07:46:58   中国经济网

摒弃“大包大揽”模式

施行“前店后厂”管理

近年来,我国煤炭、钢材等需求量持续下降,全国铁路货运量随之大幅下滑。中国物流学会常务理事、北京物资学院物流学院院长邬跃认为,铁路向中短途零散货物开放势在必行。

根据中国铁路总公司的部署和市场需要,北京铁路局摒弃了过去由车站全程“大包大揽”的模式,创新地提出了“前店后厂”的管理模式。

“前店”即营销部门,主要任务是开拓市场,负责营销揽货、收费签单、组织装车等。北京铁路局专门成立了货运营销中心,并分区域成立了北京、丰台、天津、唐山、石家庄、邯郸6个货运中心和京铁物流中心。这些货运中心和物流中心向外界敞开收货,无论企业还是个人,几十公斤的货物也“来者不拒”。

“后厂”则指运输、调度部门,任务是动力配置、挂运编组和安全运输,由原站段负责,快运列车采取固定车次、固定编组、固定时间、固定路线、固定停站的“五固定”方式每日开行,到点来,按点走,完全实现“客车化”货运服务,使客户能精准安排货物配送。

“前店后厂”模式运行三年来,京津冀货物快运的运输收入达到了11.4亿元。

目前,北京铁路局以位于天津市的南仓站为零散货运中心站,先后开行了南北环及京九京津冀快运列车等固定路线。北环快运列车将北京、塘沽、唐山、承德、张家口和廊坊地区连接起来;南环快运列车覆盖了北京、廊坊、保定、石家庄、邢台、邯郸、衡水、德州、沧州和天津地区;京九快运列车则把永清、霸州、任丘和衡水地区串联起来,形成了较完善的京津冀地区快速货运网络。

据京铁物流相关负责人介绍,京津冀货物快运列车沿线站点的零散货物集结地也逐步发展起来,有些正在形成特色货物的交易中心和集散地。

带来多重利好

需将零散列车连接成网

专家认为,京津冀货物快运列车具有运输费用低、运输效率高、运到时限短、安全保障强等特点,如果快运列车的每个停靠站点能成为货物的交易中心,就可发挥货物快运列车的优势,把中小企业灵活分散的运输需求集中化。同时,对区域的自然环境、产业布局都有积极影响,可带来绿色运输、生产要素流动等多重利好。

首先,货物快运列车更节能、更清洁,有助于节能减排。以常见的12.5米长、载重28吨的重型货车为参照物,据测算,京津冀货物快运列车开行至今,相当于减少行驶14.5万辆次重型大货车,而铁路运输所产生的空气污染和噪声干扰也远低于其他运输方式。

其次,货物快运列车更准时、更安全。相比汽车运输,货物快运列车采取“客车化”运行模式,按固定时刻表开行,不受道路拥堵、恶劣天气等影响,且更安全。

另外,货物快运列车也更活跃、更均衡。邬跃认为,与长三角、珠三角经济区相比,京津冀地区产业合作相对较弱。在京津冀协同发展的战略背景下,由铁路构建的一体化交通圈正在形成,随着“1小时通勤圈”、“8小时高铁圈”的逐步完善,铁路货运将大有可为。随着铁路货运对产业布局的优化,还可进一步加快非首都功能疏解并巩固其效果。

未来,随着高铁服务网络扩展至全国,高铁快运将基本实现直辖市、省会城市、中东部地区地级市和经济发达县域的全覆盖。目前,上海铁路局在金华、义乌、杭州、芜湖、合肥等城市间已开通“城际捷运货物列车”;西安铁路局也开行了“三秦货物快运列车”,并已开通陕北、关中、陕南三列循环列车。

“越是长远距离运输越能发挥货物快运的优势,中国铁路总公司需要把各自局管内的零散货物快运列车连接起来,为在全国范围内实现零散货物的快运业务创造基础网络条件。”邬跃说。

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