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货基告别高速扩张时代 “存款搬家”趋势或不可逆转

2017-09-05 06:41:50   中国经济网

今年以来,天弘基金已连续两次下调余额宝的投资额度限制。5月27日,余额宝将个人交易账户持有额度由100万调整为25万;8月14日,又调整为10万。

“对于行业的影响其实挺大的,特别是靠货币基金撑规模或者没有风险准备金积累的新公司,10月以后的日子可能不好过。此外靠货币基金冲规模的做法也可能成为历史。”华南一家基金公司的负责人表示。

按照新规计算,目前货币基金规模是5.86万亿,这就意味着全行业需要293亿风险准备金。

济安金信基金评价中心主任王群航接受21世纪经济报道记者采访时表示,此次《新规》有很多量化的标准,可操作性很强。对于余额宝,王群航认为要特事特办,余额宝是规模最大的货币基金,同时也是户均规模最小的。根据该基金最新中报,截至2017年6月30日,其户均规模为3885.14元。

目前,余额宝规模已达1.43万亿元,若按照规模的风险准备金200倍来计算,其风险准备金或需71.5亿元。

“没有那么夸张,根据《新规》的41条,实际缴纳是按照20%的比例计提风险准备金,就是按照20%的月度基金管理费收入,要远远小于70亿这个数字,公司可以完全承受。”天弘基金有关人士对21世纪经济报道记者表示。

据悉,余额宝今年上半年管理费为16.93亿元,以新规口径计算,半年度的风险准备金不到3.4亿。

“存款搬家”趋势难逆转

民生银行首席经济研究员温斌对21世纪经济报道记者表示,以余额宝为代表的宝宝类货币基金,对银行的负债产生了一定替代和分流作用。但当市场利率走高或面临大规模赎回时,可能产生巨大的流动性风险,新规中风险准备金和对规模增长的限制,一定程度上是防范其流动性风险。

温斌指出,部分货币基金背后存在的监管套利不容忽视。有一些货币基金的资金来源是银行,银行用一些负债去购买货币基金,货币基金又购买银行的同业存单,在这种循环中实际导致了资金脱实向虚。近期监管政策的出台,本质上都是杜绝监管套利,让钱真正流向实体经济。此外,新规一定程度上对货币基金的规范将减轻部分银行负债端和流动性风险的压力。

西班牙对外银行亚洲首席经济学家夏乐在接受21世纪经济报道记者采访时表示,对货币基金的监管新规落地后,不一定完全能够阻止目前“存款搬家”的趋势。原因在于,用户选择余额宝不仅是因为利率,更因为支付宝这种支付工具。目前“无现金社会”的发展步伐越来越快,货币基金的规模可能仍会不断壮大,对银行的冲击也更多显现。

夏乐进一步指出,货币基金推动了中国利率市场化的进程,这意味着如果想拿到流动性,需要付出更符合市场的代价。在监管新规下,货币基金需上缴更多准备金,且投资方向有了更多限制,体现的是成本的提高。如果用户在支付路径的依赖下,依然选择余额宝等货币基金,那么货币基金依然掌握着与银行的议价权,可能导致银行的负债成本进一步提高。

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