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新一轮债转股面临哪些障碍

2017-09-04 08:41:07   中国经济网

从银行来看,进入债转股阶段的债权,无疑是非正常类资产。在银行业绩考核方面,债转股资产至少与关注类贷款基本相当,这显然会影响相关银行业务人员和相关分支机构与部门的业绩考核。而且,银行业绩考核一般都是当期考核,而债转股的潜在收益只有到最后股权退出后,才能具体评估与衡量。

从企业角度讲,债转股的股权价格一般都会有一定的折价。因此,除非面临万不得已的困境,否则大多数正常经营的企业都不希望进入债转股阶段。一旦银行获得一定比例的股权,为了保护其股权退出利益,商业银行必然会利用其强势地位,干预企业的日常经营,这也是债务企业所不愿看到的。

最后,债转股企业的门槛明显提升。对于债转股企业,《办法》进行了较为严格的限制,其中规定:“实施机构确定作为债转股对象的企业应当具备以下条件:(一)发展前景良好但遇到暂时困难,具有可行的企业改革计划和脱困安排;(二)主要生产装备、产品、能力符合国家产业发展方向,技术先进,产品有市场,环保和安全生产达标;(三)信用状况较好,无故意违约、转移资产等不良信用记录。”

以上只是门槛条件,优先开展债转股的企业包括:(一)因行业周期性波动导致困难,但仍有望逆转的企业;(二)因高负债而财务负担过重的成长型企业,特别是战略性新兴产业领域的成长型企业;(三)高负债居于产能过剩行业前列的关键性企业,以及关系国家安全的战略性企业;(四)其他适合优先考虑实施市场化债转股的企业。

同时,《办法》明令禁止实施债转股的企业包括:(一)扭亏无望、已失去生存发展前景的“僵尸企业”;(二)有恶意逃废债行为的失信企业;(三)债权债务关系复杂且不明晰的企业;(四)不符合国家产业政策,助长过剩产能扩张和增加库存的企业;(五)其他不适合实施债转股的企业。

按照上述标准,可以开展债转股的企业范围将大大收缩,甚至已经签署债转股协议的企业,也可能面临不符合政策要求而中途夭折。

(作者系苏宁金融研究院宏观经济研究中心主任、高级研究员)

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