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巨债濒临付息 落寞商品巨头生死线上挣扎

2017-09-04 08:00:51   中国经济网

一样的开头不一样的结局

在来宝集团之前,嘉能可也一度深陷经营亏损的泥淖,被迫出售资产偿债。但随着大宗商品价格好转,市场上的负面声音逐渐减少。

“来宝集团出让资产,与2015年嘉能可巨亏和股价暴跌下的大规模出售资产类似,但是不同的是嘉能可困境是大宗商品暴跌的大环境,并非财务问题。而来宝集团巨亏是制度上的问题,原因在于2017年大宗商品价格大幅上涨。所谓的煤矿对冲交易详情不得而知,实际上是管理层面的问题。”程小勇表示。

得益于2016年至2017年上半年全球大宗商品持续大幅反弹,尤其是煤炭、铁矿石和有色等矿业资产,以嘉能可为代表的集生产和贸易一体的商品巨头盈利大幅增长,债务大幅下降,资产负债表得到修复。

数据显示,截至今年6月,必和必拓、力拓、英美和嘉能可共持有债务约440亿美元,比2014年年末的水平缩减达50%。

具体来看,嘉能可公布2017年上半年度获利大增68%,并宣布调高全销售年度息税前利润(EBIT)预估。公司将全销售年度经调整EBIT预估调高1亿美元至24-27亿美元之间。嘉能可2017年上半年经调整的未计利息、税项、折旧及摊销之利润(EBITDA)升至67.4亿美元,上年同期为40.2亿美元。

“从来宝集团2017年陷入财务困境来看,出售资产是全球主要商品巨头应对现金流断裂的首要措施。从深层次来看,2011年之后,中国经济减速换挡,叠加全球经济陷入低增长的周期,商品超级周期结束下,一些在商品牛市繁荣周期掩盖下的问题逐渐暴露。”程小勇指出。

回想当初嘉能可抛售有色金属库存,对商品市场带来巨大冲击,如今来宝集团为了偿债所进行的一系列资产脱售行为,会否重蹈其覆辙呢?

程小勇表示,当前中国经济企稳状态,商品涨势尚未结束,来宝集团资产出让并不会对市场产生额外的供应冲击。反过来看,商品价格大幅反弹,有激励更多的商品巨头重新扩张业务,部分矿业公司甚至开始加大投资于矿业。如必和必拓宣布将花费25亿美元,延长智利一处铜矿的运营寿命;力拓则在蒙古一处铜矿注入数十亿美元资金改善老旧产能,并稳步推进澳大利亚的铝土矿和铁矿石项目。

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