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如何看大宗商品价格上涨?“源于去产能过猛”立不住脚

2017-09-04 06:50:50   中国经济网

去产能,去除的主要是无效或低效产能。推动这些产能出清,加速落后产能和低端供给的出局,可以为先进产能的发展腾出空间,提高资源配置效率和产能利用率,优化产业结构和生产布局。不能把大宗商品价格上涨简单归咎于去产能,动摇了去产能的信心,而是要抓住市场行情好转的有利时机,坚持去产能的信心不动摇、力度不减弱,坚定不移地推进供给侧结构性改革

开栏的话 今年以来,大宗商品和上游资源原材料产品价格呈现上涨之势,包括锂电、石墨烯、稀土、铜铝锌、焦炭铁矿石等,价格上涨幅度较大。如何看待这一轮大宗商品价格上涨?其对下半年经济将会带来哪些影响?大宗商品价格上涨与当前全力推进的去产能,以及供给侧结构性改革的关系是什么?从今天起,本版推出“如何看大宗商品价格上涨”系列评论,敬请垂注。

国家统计局近日发布的流通领域重要生产资料市场价格变动情况显示,8月11日至20日,螺纹钢价格比上期上涨1.6%,比年初上涨27.1%左右;线材价格比上期上涨3.1%,比年初上涨27.8%。国家发展改革委发布的中国电煤价格指数显示,7月份,中国电煤价格指数为493.26元/吨,比去年同期上涨44.8%。

钢铁和煤炭价格的持续上涨,是黑色系大宗商品价格迎来“牛市”行情的表现。下半年以来,黑色系、金属品种、化工品种价格均出现了不同程度的上涨。有观点认为,大宗商品价格的持续回升,与我国去产能工作用力过猛密切相关,甚至认为应该重新审视去产能的相关工作。

这种观点有失偏颇。今年以来,我国充分运用市场化、法治化手段,深入推进去产能工作,取得了积极进展。截至6月末,“地条钢”按计划出清;煤炭共退出产能1.11亿吨,完成年度目标任务量的74%。钢铁和煤炭过剩产能的退出,对于改善市场预期起到了积极的作用。

不过,去产能并非黑色系大宗商品价格回升的决定性因素。钢铁和煤炭行业的去产能,去除的主要是无效或低效产能,这部分产能有的处于“僵尸状态”,有的生产效率低下。推动这些产能出清,加速落后产能和低端供给的出局,可以为先进产能的发展腾出空间,提高资源配置效率和产能利用率,优化产业结构和生产布局。这对于行业实现长远的科学发展是十分有利的。

价格是反映市场供求关系的“晴雨表”。仅从短期看,这部分落后产能的退出对于平衡市场供需作用也有限,遑论左右市场价格走势。以煤炭产业为例,根据估算,2015年我国煤炭产能规模已经达到57亿吨左右。自去年以来,煤炭去产能约4亿吨左右,这意味着煤炭产能规模依然超过50亿吨。根据国家统计局初步核算,2016年我国能源消费总量为43.6亿吨标准煤。这表明,煤炭产能供给大于需求的过剩问题依然严峻。

其实,这一轮大宗商品价格的回升,主要还是与宏观经济运行总体平稳带来市场需求回升密切相关。上半年,我国GDP增速超出市场预期,工业增加值、固定资产投资增速、进出口贸易、发用电量、铁路货运量等关键经济指标也明显好于去年同期水平。实体经济的发展,带动了对能源、工业金属、化工产品等大宗商品需求增加。同时,在去产能过程中,不少地方又严格执行减量化生产的策略,使得部分大宗商品的供给减少。需求和供给的“一增一减”,必然会对价格走势产生一定的影响。不过,这种短期的供需变化具有阶段性特征,并没有使市场供求关系的根本矛盾发生实质性改变。

因此,不能把大宗商品价格上涨简单归咎于去产能,动摇了去产能的信心,甚至盲目加大生产力度,而是要抓住市场行情好转的有利时机,坚持去产能的信心不动摇、力度不减弱,不盲目组织扩大生产,坚定不移地推进供给侧结构性改革,坚定不移地淘汰落后产能。当然,在去产能过程中也要注意把握好节奏和力度,统筹做好去产能与稳供应工作,注意防范局部地区、个别时段的大宗商品价格出现明显异动。(原文来源:经济日报 作者:林子文)

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