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7000亿基金公司深度解读流动性风险管理新规

2017-09-04 07:16:08   中国经济网

第二类条款主要针对货币基金所投资的金融工具进行限制,包括流动性资产占比、发行主体的信用评级和投资主体集中度等方面。新规规定,主动投资于流动性受限资产的占比不得超过资产净值的10%,比对开放式基金的整体要求更加严格;新规要求,投资于主体信用评级低于AAA的机构所发行的金融工具占比以基金资产净值的10%为限,并且要求同一管理人投资于同一商业银行发行的金融工具占比以该银行净资产的10%为限。

第三类条款意在引导货币市场基金规模的适度增长。

新规要求同一管理人所管理的采用摊余成本法进行核算的货币基金月末资产净值合计不超过风险准备金月末余额的200倍,对于管理人风险准备金不符合要求的,不仅要求不得新设货币基金和理财基金,还增加了将管理人风险准备金计提比例提升至20%以上的规定。

同时新规强调也会根据货币市场基金管理人的合规运作情况、风险管理水平和申购赎回机制安排等留下调整此倍数的空间,实施差别化监管措施。除此之外,对于系统重要性的货币基金,本次新规的监管规则也留有进一步适度调整的空间。

从过去几年看,在利率市场化的背景下,货币基金的行业规模快速增长,根据二季报数据行业规模已经超过五万亿并且继续在增长。与此同时,更多机构开始使用货币基金进行流动性管理。随着规模的扩张和机构客户占比的增加,货币基金行业潜在的流动性风险也在上升。

去年底市场大幅调整时,货币基金遭遇流动性挤兑,这种情况在美国次贷危机期间演绎的更为极端。

因此,货币基金作为公募基金行业中体量最大、规模波动最大的一类基金,需要对其流动性风险进行更细分的监管,这也是为什么流动性规定中第八章单独出台了对货币基金的特别规定。其核心意图就是降低货币基金的流动性风险暴露、强化流动性风险的约束机制,保证货币基金能够及时变现资产以满足投资者的赎回需求,保障投资者的权益。

虽然短期来看,流动性新规将增加货币基金投资管理的限制,加大货币基金投资管理的难度,但中长期来看,行业将在回归现金管理本源的基础上,通过加大货币基金的功能性开发实现健康发展,投资者对于货币基金的认知也将更加理性。  

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