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新兴市场需要更强有力的一线监管

2017-08-30 07:10:28   中国经济网

对于新兴市场普遍存在的“概念股”炒作等现象,韩国、新加坡等交易所均采取了多维度综合施策的应对模式。交易所除了监控市场参与主体的交易行为,也十分注重对证券交易价格异常波动的识别、警示和处置,并将二者有机结合在一起。通过实时监控可以发现,那些缺乏基本面支持的“概念股”,当中往往隐藏了许多可疑和不当交易行为。少数投资者人为制造的行情过后,进行跟风交易的个人投资者往往严重受损,信心受到打击,最终将影响整个市场的健康发展,因此需要实施重点监管

台湾市场通过逐年探索,制定了包含价格、成交量、周转率、集中度在内的12个指标,用于界定出现明显异常波动的股票,并通过发布警示公告等方式,向投资者提示交易风险,同时采取集中撮合、限制两融业务等差异化交易机制,为炒作行为降温。韩国市场近年来重点规制因大选等引发的政治题材股现象,针对其中个人投资者参与度高(交易额占比超过97%)、交易频繁等特点,加大题材股交易风险提示,并对不公平交易采取更严格、更有力的预防措施,包括发出订单拒绝警告、停收订单委托等。

参会交易所代表认为,新兴市场实施强有力的事中干预式监管,必然希望能实时掌握市场参与者的真实活动,“看穿式”监管即成为交易所一线监管当中的“高端配置”。它意味着交易所能在第一时间锁定实施异常交易行为的投资者,及时采取警示和干预措施,从而极大地提升监管效率和效能。为了实现这一效果,许多交易所在做出不同程度的努力和尝试。

例如,巴基斯坦交易所构建了以“一户一码”为基础的交易系统,每一个投资者、每一个订单都有识别码,可供追溯,且投资者的订单将同时进入后台的监察系统,以提高一线监管的效率。在我们更加熟悉的沪港通、深港通机制中,港交所也在积极研究落实香港市场的实名制,为加大互联互通机制中的看穿力度奠定更好的基础。

根据参会交易所代表的经验,新兴市场交易所在一线监管中狠下功夫,还要充分发挥会员的协同监管作用。会员不但要主动监测、识别客户的异常交易行为,及时向交易所报告,还应当根据交易所的通知或要求,对客户可疑交易行为进行核查,并拒绝客户明显异常或者违法违规的交易委托。

比如,香港采取金字塔形式的一级托管制,交易所主要直接监督会员;日本法律要求证券公司需要承担“守门人”责任,履行交易监察的职责,包括拒绝涉嫌市场操纵的交易,证券公司必须具备交易监察系统,不能接受涉嫌市场操纵的订单等;台湾地区证券市场监管时,也注重券商管理的协力,不仅提醒券商注意交割安全与交易风险,券商还有权拒绝客户下单。

相关负责人指出,境外交易所尤其是新兴市场证券交易所的实践,将为内地交易所不断深化一线监管提供很大裨益。其中最具共性的一点,是立足中小投资者为主的市场结构,更加注重保障交易公平。实践证明,交易所市场不能成为由散户埋单的市场,中小投资者需要更高水平的保护,这是中国的证券交易所一线监管特殊职责所在。境内交易所在借鉴境外经验做法的同时,应当始终立足自身市场的实际情况,在遵循交易所监管市场一般规律的基础上,探索契合市场基础和参与者行为特点的监管模式,切实维护公开、公平、公正的证券交易环境,保护投资者尤其是中小投资者的合法权益。

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