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最高法司法解释剑指公司治理五大模糊地带

2017-08-29 09:44:26   新华网

事实上,证监会已对“铁公鸡”有所关注。证监会新闻发言人此前明确指出,证监会将对具备分红能力而不分红的公司进行监管约谈,督促相关上市公司控股股东切实履行责任,支持上市公司履行现金分红义务。

  细化优先购买权

由于有限责任公司具有较强的人合性,故公司法规定,股东向公司股东以外的人转让股权时,其他股东享有在同等条件下优先购买转让股权的权利。但具体如何执行,公司法并未具体规定。

基于此,《解释》细化了行使股东优先购买权的程序规则,明确了股东优先购买权的行使边界和损害救济制度。例如,转让股东未就股权转让事项征求其他股东意见,或者以欺诈、恶意串通等手段,损害其他股东优先购买权的,其他股东有权要求以实际转让的同等条件优先购买该股权。

对于损害股东优先购买权的股权转让合同效力的实践争议,《解释》认为,对此类合同的效力,公司法并无特别规定,不应仅仅因为损害股东优先购买权认定合同无效、撤销合同,而应当严格依照合同法规定进行认定。

事实上,在规模庞大的交易方案中,优先购买权一直有着颇为重要的分量,使用优先购买权的行使通知、行使方式、行使期限等事项不明确,往往导致交易遇到困境。

2012年,复星因争夺外滩“地王”而起诉SOHO中国的案件便以优先购买权为突破。彼时,复星认为,绿城中国与上海证大联手将持有的海之门(外滩“地王”持有公司)50%股权以40亿元的价格转给SOHO中国,侵犯了自己的地块优先购买权,要求废除上述转让协议。结果则是,该诉讼耗时长达三年多,最终以复星收购该项目的全部股权,并放弃全部诉讼请求而结束。

  谁能“代表”公司

对于公司诉讼地位的认识,《解释》也分列多条予以明确。例如,公司董事会或者执行董事、监事会或者监事系公司机关,其履行法定职责代表公司提起的诉讼,应当是公司直接诉讼,应列公司为原告。

此外,《解释》还对股东代表诉讼中的当事人地位、胜诉利益的归属、诉讼费用的负担等问题做出了规定。例如,股东依据公司法第一百五十一条第二款、第三款规定直接提起诉讼的案件,胜诉利益归属于公司,其诉讼请求部分或者全部得到人民法院支持的,公司应当承担股东因参加诉讼支付的合理费用。

上述法律人士表示,《解释》明确公司在诉讼中的法律地位,实则进一步界定了诉讼中公司的权责关系,而明确股东代表在诉讼中的当事人地位等事项,则完善了股东代表诉讼机制,权责划分明确。(记者 邵好)

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