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最高法司法解释剑指公司治理五大模糊地带

2017-08-29 09:44:26   新华网

严格“法定知情权”

公司法第三十三条、第九十七条赋予了股东查阅、复制公司章程、决议等文件材料的权利。该权利是公司法赋予股东的固有权,属于法定知情权,是股东权利中的基础性权利,依法应当严格保护。

针对适用该两条规定中遇到的争议较多的问题,《解释》明确了5条规则,其中包括:明确划定了公司拒绝权的行使边界,规定公司不得以公司章程、股东间协议等方式,实质性剥夺股东的法定知情权,并对股东聘请中介机构执业人员辅助查阅作出规定。同时明确,股东可以请求未依法履行职责的公司董事、高级管理人员赔偿损失。

上述法律人士表示,股东查阅、复制公司章程、决议等文件材料的权利无法得到保护,经常出现在内部不合或股权争夺的公司之中,其中不乏上市公司。

如三维丝2016年底的内斗,公司大股东罗红花就曾向深交所投诉称,上市公司驳回了其查阅截至2016年12月15日股东名册的申请。而公司则认为,罗红花申请查阅股东名册的文件缺少其本人签名,且存在不正当使用股东名册信息的情况。

沪上某私募人士认为,在股权争夺中,公司章程、决议等文件材料有着十分重要的作用,个中信息在某种程度上可视为双方的“底牌”。此次《解释》明确保护该法定知情权,即是令股权争夺各方处在公平、公证的环境下竞争,从而保护投资者的利益。

  适当干预“铁公鸡”

一般而言,公司是否分配和如何分配公司利润,原则上属于商业判断和公司自治的范畴,但近年来,公司大股东违反同股同权原则和股东权利不得滥用原则,排挤、压榨小股东,导致公司不分配利润,损害小股东利润分配权的现象时有发生,严重破坏了公司自治。

为此,《解释》第十五条规定,公司股东滥用权利,导致公司不分配利润给其他股东造成损失的,司法可以适当干预,以实现对公司自治失灵的矫正。

在A股市场中,上市公司连续多年不分红的情况其实并不罕见。据不完全统计,约有140家上市公司在过去10年中未进行过利润分配,其中约30家更是长达20年不分红。不过,这些公司大都解释称,公司滚存的未分配利润为负数,不具备利润分配的条件,因此多年未进行利润分配,也未进行公积金转增股本。

如果的确业绩不佳,不分红也可以理解,但如果公司业绩不错,管理层甚至领着过高的薪酬,却迟迟不愿分红,这种情况就需要司法适当干预。

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