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租赁房打开“广阔天地” 低成本土地让房企“有利可图”

2017-08-29 09:17:04   新华网

通过改革试点,将在试点城市成功运营一批集体租赁住房项目,完善规则,形成一批可复制、可推广的改革成果,为构建城乡统一的建设用地市场提供支撑。

  低成本土地让房企“有利可图”

对于这项试点,易居研究院副院长杨红旭认为,新的政策旨在从土地供应端进一步加强租赁房源的建设和供给。现在,大城市普遍面临国有用地稀缺的问题,为扩大土地供应,其一可盘活国有存量用地,如工业用地的开发、厂房的改造;其二就是从村镇集体建设用地中寻求新的住房租赁用地来源,最终实现租赁房源的扩充。在这方面,一些城市已尝试多年,但进度缓慢。

“这项政策来得比预期要快,具有很强的标志性意义。”在明源地产研究院首席研究员刘策看来,原有的土地出让模式之下,租赁用地的供给会受到较大限制。这不仅是因为可能影响短期的土地出让金收入而使得地方政府缺乏积极性;同时也因为受制于较低的租售比,使得开发企业也没有投入的积极性。但是,集体建设用地的“入市”,对各方而言都没有损失,反而(对村镇集体、对相关开发运营企业来说)是个很大的机会。因为,土地成本相对较低,可极大地降低租赁房运营的前期成本。从事住房租赁业务将变得有利可图,开发商会积极切入,争抢这块蛋糕。

有开发商告诉记者,在一线城市,土地成本占开发总成本的50%左右、税收成本占20%左右,而集体建设用地在这两块的成本就低了很多。因此,对开发租赁房的企业,年化投资回报率应该可以超过5%。

“影响是渐进产生的。租赁房源的增加,由购到租的需求迁移,对目前一二手商品房的销售可能是个利空因素,但对开发企业却是商机。”杨红旭表示,参与其中的开发商将和村镇集体进行利益分成。对此,民营房企的兴趣会比较大。最近,上海出让的几块租赁住房专用地,都是国企摘得的,是有较高门槛的。但此次用集体建设用地兴建租赁住房的大门打开后,就为民营企业提供了施展空间。尤其是一些在这方面有战略要求的企业,将有望积极参与。

这一政策甚至可能会改变房地产开发商的开发运作模式。上海中原地产市场分析师卢文曦表示,从趋势来看,房企会逐步转变开发模式,因为一线城市可供开发的土地越来越有限,尤其像上海,开发边界已定,存量市场将占主导地位。

上市公司中,自去年下半年起,绿地控股已开始涉足长租公寓。绿地控股董事长张玉良昨日在接受记者采访时表示,此次试点是土地制度和住房制度改革的一部分。对于租赁住房市场是个好事儿,有利于降低租房的成本。“最近上海拿出了不少优质土地用作租赁住房建设,我们都参与了。如果在集体建设用地方面有机会,我们也一定会参与。”(记者 张良)

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