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如何才能让足够多的房源投入租赁市场

2017-08-23 05:41:32   中国青年网

加大房屋租赁的政策保护力度,保障承租人的合法权益,肯定是必须的。但最根本的,还是要想办法确保有足够多的可用于出租的房源,能够顺利投入租赁市场中。

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九部门联合下发的《关于在人口净流入的大中城市加快发展住房租赁市场的通知》,将12市列为试点城市。中新社记者梳理发现,广州、杭州、成都、郑州、沈阳等9城市已发布方案或介绍了方案要点,多地提出“购租同权”概念,即在落户、入学、医疗、就业、社保等社会福利领域,有房族和租房客享受同等权利。

舆论普遍认为,此举最大的意义在于能在一定程度上抑制投机,平抑房价。如果租房住就可以解决孩子上学等一系列社保福利问题,大家就没必要急着买房甚至不买房了;买房的人一少,房价就很可能获得平抑。这一推论,源于基本的供需关系原理,不难理解。

但实际情况远非我们想象得那么简单,不是有关部门提出一项好政策,一切就会水到渠成。否则,房价早就被平抑下去了。同样也是从纯逻辑出发,购租同权了,不买房也能让孩子上学,也能享受医保等等,那么势必造成租金上涨,最终也可能推动房价水涨船高。

加大房屋租赁的政策保护力度,保障承租人的合法权益,肯定是必须的。但最根本的,还是要想办法确保有足够多的可用于出租的房源,能够顺利投入租赁市场中。

窃以为,为提高大家出租、承租房屋的积极性,光有保护权益之类口号和对策并不行,还得有鼓励的措施。现在空置率那么高,为什么很多手中握有大量房源的人,不愿把房子拿出来出租?这个问题不解决,促进租赁市场发展之类口号,就可能是一句空话。

如何鼓励大家把房子拿出来出租?我看可以在税收上做文章。办法之一:尽快全面落实房产税政策,加大房源调查力度,规定除自住房以外的房屋用于出租者,可以免征房产税。办法之二:调整房屋租赁税政策,对用于出租的一般民房,可以考虑免征房屋租赁税。

重点说说办法之二。房屋租赁税是一项法定税种,但从实际情况看,不少出租户和承租人对此并不知情,税务部门的措施也不到位,且执法不严,因此这项税实际上是没怎么征的。而对一般“小户”而言,“加大征收力度”的成本太高,实际上得不偿失。既然如此,为什么不索性减免了呢?

更重要的是,这项税收管不了中低收入者,却可能管得了那些拥有多套(几套乃至几十、上百套空置房)的房主。一两套房子出租逃避了征税,被查出大不了补缴;几十套房屋出租如果不缴税,树大招风,被查处的几率太大了——追缴税金、滞纳金不说,还可能会被处以0.5~5倍应缴税金的罚款,“大户”们真不敢冒那么大的险,于是索性不出租。

所以,免征出租房房产税和租赁税,同时强化房屋租赁备案制度监管,庶几可以“逼”出大量房源投入租赁市场,以确保加快发展住房租赁市场的政策意图得以实现,从而达到平抑房价的政策目标。

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