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供给侧改革持续推进 期货助涉棉产业提质增效
2017-08-28 07:36:51 中国经济网
作为服务国计民生和涉及产业人口过亿的产业,如今涉棉产业正在进入改革攻坚的关键期,然而现实问题依然不容忽视。出于扭转不利局面的目的,使涉棉产业按照农业供给侧结构性改革方向,走出一条可持续发展新路。以涉棉产业相关环节、优势单位抱团联动的发展方向成为产业内的一致共识。据了解,采用类似聚力以棉农为主的“社-企合作”模式的主体在新疆已有不少。同时,由于新疆涉棉企业规模化经营的不断深化,如中棉集团类似的龙头企业也在积极推广如“企业+合作社+农户”等以企业为主体的创新经营模式。相信今后随着这些模式的逐渐推广,新疆涉棉产业链将能在提质增效之路上越走越远。
“借”期货之“力”方能行稳致远
涉棉产业的特点是产业规模大,产业链较长,但由于受到链上较多环节以及棉花自身的季节周期性等因素影响,长期以来,棉花现货价格波动较大且频繁。以往,涉棉产业被视作是“看天吃饭”的典型,当棉花价格上涨时,涉棉企业往往还能获得比较丰厚的利润,而低谷期伴随的则是整个产业的快速“触底”。以往由于对期货风险缺乏正确的认识,广大棉农乃至涉棉企业往往对期货市场敬而远之,其“参与”的主要方式也只是在每当籽棉收购时“瞄瞄”期货价格,以期能够收到或卖出好价。然而,经过近年来市场“大浪淘沙”式“洗礼”后,越来越多涉棉企业发现“越来越难赚钱了”。孙国庆表示,“当前现货的风险越来越大”,一批涉棉企业也由于在认识方面的疏忽“倒”在了“风险”面前。因此,如不对必要的风险对冲工具加以运用,涉棉企业虽然能通过降本增效来降低在行业下行时可能面临的风险,但并不足以从根本上化解他们的“后顾之忧”。
一方面,为了对经营风险进行有效管理,打破“周期”魔咒,涉棉企业不仅在布局产业链上下游和加速规模化等现货经营方面下足了“工夫”。此外,无论是上述介绍以棉农为主的“社-企联盟”模式,还是以龙头企业为主的“企业+合作社+农户”的模式,也都把目光“聚焦”在了期货上。另一方面,得益于郑商所长期以来在涉棉产业内对期货的正面宣传与推广,当前涉棉产业对期货认知程度已普遍提高,参与期货的意愿也逐渐增强。一些当地企业甚至风趣地把期货形容成了继现货后涉棉企业在经营销售中的“另一条腿”,其参与期货的深度“可见一斑”。
值得一提的是,当前涉棉企业利用基差进行的“点价”交易模式。今年以来,这种“点价”交易的方式在贸易商、中间商及用棉企业中逐渐“流行”了起来,可以说买卖双方已逐渐“喜欢”上了这种交易模式。通过“现货价格=期货价格+基差”这一模式来确定的现货价格,买方往往能够获得低于市场的现货价格,而对于卖方来说,通过“点价”,企业不仅能够对利润进行“锁定”,同时也能有效加快其库存的周转。分析人士指出,通过期货基差“点价”的方式来进行交易,不仅可以规避期货套保的一些不确定因素,同时由于这种贸易模式的价格较为公开、透明,在保证卖方利润的前提下,给予了买方更灵活的定价权,未来将会越来越被市场所采纳。
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