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是未来所在还是昙花一现:共享汽车颠覆谁?

2017-08-27 07:30:48   中国经济网

与宝马通过与其他运营公司合作开展共享出行类似,大众汽车在网络约车领域与滴滴出行展开合作;在分时租赁移动出行服务领域与首汽集团建立合作。

另外一个豪华品牌汽车公司戴姆勒集团也非常重视在共享出行领域的布局,戴姆勒在华有两大共享出行项目,即行car2go与Car2Share随心开。car2go是戴姆勒集团在全球范围内的分时租赁项目,2016年4月登陆中国,重庆成为该项目在中国的唯一运营城市,总共投放超过400辆Smart fortwo。而Car2Share则是戴姆勒仅在中国针对企业员工与白领推出的分时租赁项目,在北京、上海、深圳、广州、杭州提供服务。

不以乘用车为共享主体,福特向出行服务商转型的路径则是宣布在中国提供预约公交车的服务,确保距离地铁还有一段距离的消费者能够通过公交系统到达附近的地铁站。

在共享出行领域,北汽新能源早在2012年,就开始打造以政府公务出行为主的分时租赁平台绿狗租车、北京出行和北京绿行。今年5月,又推出了面向全国的“轻享出行”平台。

据交通运输部科学研究院交通发展研究中心副研究员李燕霞介绍,目前我国共有共享汽车企业40多家,车辆投放总数4万多辆。

根据首汽集团旗下“Gofun出行”宣布,其已在北京储备1100辆车,今年计划在全国超过20个城市布局,投放超过1.5万辆车。上海环球车享EVCARD宣布已在全国投放8500辆“共享汽车”。北汽新能源预计到今年年底,将在共享出行领域新增车辆4000~5000辆,达到1.5万辆的规模。

东风日产乘用车公司市场销售总部启辰事业部副部长洪斌介绍,从东风日产启辰参与的一项调研来看,我国有42%的现有车主愿意放弃汽车拥有权,通过分时租赁等共享模式出行。“目前,汽车消费的主力军是80、90后,他们更愿意接受分享,这是分时租赁模式有望成功的基础。”

能否分享出个未来?

“开上共享汽车,在高速上了个厕所,出来车子居然被开走了!”这则原本用来宣传共享汽车热度的广告语,也将其尴尬之处道出:共享汽车能否为用户带来真正的方便?作为重资产和长产业链的汽车共享,能否分享出个未来?

共享汽车高额的价格以及停放要求,决定了其不能像共享单车一样通过大量铺货迅速抢占市场。首先负担最重的就是购买汽车,据业内人士测算,一辆共享宝马的价格为20万,一个城市投放1000辆那就需要近亿元的成本投入,汽车价格占整个运营成本的40%左右,再加上后期保养停车也需要大量资金投入,共享汽车投入巨大。

而车辆少、网点少、停车位价格贵、还车困难,也决定了消费者使用起来,并不那么方便。“汽车不能乱停车、乱还车,这需要有固定的还车网点。我们曾经尝试布局可异地还车的网点,但无人问津。因为毕竟网点比较少,消费者使用起来不方便。如果太多,我们的运营成本就会上去。”一位不愿透露姓名的企业高层告诉记者。

除了成本高昂无法快速推进,共享汽车运营中也有很多安全问题亟待解决。“宝马共享汽车刚一推上市场,就有关于开着宝马共享汽车漂移的视频上传到网上,这不仅会给运营商带来损失,也会有潜在的安全问题。”一位汽车共享运营商企业高管如是说。

除此之外,他认为,在共享单车领域出现过的乱停乱放、占用车道等不道德的使用行为以及对车辆的破坏,可能也会出现在共享汽车领域,这都考验着运营商的智慧以及法律法规的跟进。“这位高管感叹:”有些看起来很美的需求,也许需要走过一段更长的路才可能实现。

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