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资金面“底子薄” 降准呼声再起 多因素致资金面波动

2017-08-26 07:06:13   中国经济网

货币政策操作是关键

中国证券报:有效提升资金面稳定性,关键因素何在?

明明:提升资金面的稳定性并不意味着要“大水漫灌”式投放流动性,更多是平抑波动和修复结构失衡。提升资金面的稳定性是央行“削峰填谷”熨平流动性波动目标的应有之义。央行目前提供的药方主要集中在丰富货币政策工具组合上。央行在二季度货币政策执行报告中透露,正在研究丰富公开市场操作工具的期限品种,以便进一步提高对资金面的灵活性微调。

赵巍华:短期在于央行通过多种工具加强微调,在于各机构综合自身资产负债状况和资金流动性情况预先做好相对谨慎的资金安排。长期在于金融系统遵循中央的安排特别是金融工作会议精神平稳推动稳杠杆、去杠杆,规范各类业务,逐步处理对应的资产负债错配,改善资产负债表的流动性质量。此外,央行的货币投放机制完善也是重要的方向,可考虑强化如SLF之类面对更广泛机构的日常流动性管理工具,增强中小机构紧急融资的可得性,若担心影响宏观审慎则可以在押品质量、质押比例、年融资额度、利率惩罚机制上做更苛刻的安排。

黄文涛:提升资金面稳定性,要么央行主动加大资金融出力度,稳定资金利率,要么提升银行体系超储率水平,增强资金面弹性,在货币政策不放松(不降准)的情况下,意味着银行缩减信贷扩张速度。

中国证券报:近期降准的可能性大吗?

明明:目前流动性分布不均衡值得关注,为缓解中小型金融机构的流动性紧张,“降准”是最快捷简便的方法。此前,央行曾采取过定向降准的方式支持中小型银行和三农、小微企业。相比定向降准,“中性”的全面降准能更有效解决目前金融体系流动性水平整体不高、流动性结构失衡的问题。所谓“中性”降准,即在全面降低存款准备金率的同时,通过公开市场操作净回笼操作配合降准,保证流动性总量基本不增加,但结构性失衡问题得到明显修复。

需强调的是,在当下金融体系流动性水平整体不高、流动性结构失衡凸显的背景下,该降准并不是“大水漫灌”式流动性投放,而是“中性”的流动性结构调整和修复,与供给侧改革和金融去杠杆并不矛盾。

赵巍华:近期降准可能性不大。降准的信号意味太强,在目前的政策环境和时点下,央行恐怕很难做这样的决定。放眼更长一点的时间,除非宣告去杠杆、严监管的目标基本实现,降准大概率还得搭配比较强的对冲型措施才能出现,比如加息、暂停MLF等投放或是收紧某些类型金融机构表内外业务。

黄文涛:货币政策不具备宽松的条件:经济无需货币政策维稳,资产价格、外汇储备和汇率都是硬约束,资金成本将保持刚性,以促进金融机构去杠杆。近期降准概率不大,央行货币投放仍将以公开市场操作以及MLF、PSL等新兴货币政策工具为主。

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