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私募报告:大象起舞注入新动能 国内市场驶上快车道

2017-08-25 09:16:47   中国经济网

5投资主题及偏好

四、IPO和并购是退出主要渠道

调查显示,机构对退出与回报的表白通常都过度乐观。针对调查机构收集的投资案例记录就具有一定的“优选”样本特性。根据这方面的汇总统计,退出渠道主要以IPO、股权转让、上市后减持、并购、回购为主,分别为28%、25%、18%、12%和7%。VC机构的退出更加依赖IPO和股权转让,占比分别为36%和28%;PE机构则更依赖上市后减持、股权转让和IPO,占比分别为25%、20%和19%;券商直投机构退出方式主要为IPO和股权转让,占比均为30%。同样,这三类机构的项目退出IRR也是比较乐观的,总平均值高达46.7%。VC、PE、券商直投的具体数据则分别为68.2%、44.7%、35.5%。

根据调查机构的主观评判,2017年具有明显选择倾向的前两个退出渠道是IPO和并购(图6)。在预先设定退出渠道名单的情况下,借壳上市也受到了较高的关注,高打分区间7~10的样本占比为61%。新三板转让受到的青睐度已经不比往年。新三板转让明显逊色于沪深两市的IPO也是一个客观事实。这种显然的主次关系与机构的自信倾向可能会更大地拉开打分差距。同样,大股东回购在大样本统计中较为多见,但很难得到机构主观上的积极回应。它是最常见的保底条款,一种不及预期时的无奈之举,只有少数情况下作为一种特别安排。

图6退出渠道及偏好

在退出回报方面,机构预期乐观。对于2016年已经实现的项目退出回报,高度认同“与预期相当”的机构占比56%,而32%认为将超出预期,这表明机构自信满满。对于单个投资项目的退出回报率倍数,2017年的预期相比去年略有保守,基本上印证了投资观点上的保守倾向。对于2016年已经实现退出的项目回报倍数,高度认同处于4-6倍、7-9倍的样本居多。两者的占比分别为21%、33%;对于2017年的预期,这个比例分别调整为39%、14%。根据多数机构的观点,如果2017年继续保持较快的IPO节奏,将有利于项目的退出,但单个项目的退出回报倍数将走低。

五、投后管理日渐重要团队建设重视专业化

国内私募股权行业的投后管理与团队建设近年来快速发展,很多方面不断向国际成熟的标准模式看齐。例如,在投后管理领域中面向LP信息披露服务方面,过去有很多机构拿不出几页纸的定期披露报告,还很不及时甚至不情愿。如今。类似的细节在主流机构中已经得到完善。从公共关系、客户关系到团队管理,都在行业竞争中变得更加成熟。

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