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投资限额一降再降背后 天弘基金正在经历成长的烦恼

2017-08-24 07:01:47   中国经济网

余额宝崛起

天弘基金成立于2004年11月8日,2005年10月,从第一只天弘精选混合基金募集成立至余额宝成立之前,其规模排名一直近乎“垫底”,2012年底时规模不过99.5亿。

直到余额宝诞生,彻底改变了天弘的命运……

追溯余额宝的诞生,起源于蚂蚁金服财富事业群副总裁祖国明与周晓明的一通电话,2011年7月,周晓明得知祖国明在淘宝网工作,两人经过简单交流后周晓明感觉到,通过电商销售基金一定大有希望。

随后两人一拍即合,努力推动此事。但是,在沟通中发现,淘宝网上销售基金存在着资质上的障碍。虽然未能成型,但是却为余额宝的诞生埋下了伏笔。

2012年4月,祖国明调到了支付宝,这时支付宝决定把其账户余额做成波动小、收益稳定的货币市场基金。周晓明和天弘基金又一次进入到祖国明的视线中,双方很快达成可行性方案即“货币基金+支付消费”模式。祖国明与周晓明分别作为支付宝和天弘基金方面的项目负责人,共同指导项目开发。

经过了三个月的开发,以及后期技术、产品、监管方面的问题解决后,2013年6月13日,余额宝上线发布,支付宝与天弘基金联合举行了发布会。

而余额宝推出之际的2013年6月下旬,中国货币市场经历了一场前所未有的“钱荒”,银行间同业拆借市场利率急剧飙升,而作为货币市场急剧的余额宝,通过大量投资于协议存款方式,年化收益率一度达到了6%以上。

余额宝上线十多天,客户就达到100万。而在2013年下半年,余额宝基金几乎每个月的规模都增长超500亿,用户规模也在快速增长。

天弘基金运营总监兼技术部门总经理韩海潮在一次演讲中说,“过去IT部又叫‘挨踢’部,在金融企业中位列投资和销售之后,是一个三等部门。但是在云计算和大数据的时代,IT部受到越来越多的重视。

可见,余额宝已然改变了天弘基金公司的内部固有结构和认知。

“大象”转身

余额宝的出现,使天弘基金的规模增长极为迅速,2013年4季度,其规模就杀入千亿级别。2014年1季度迅速成为首家规模破5000亿的基金公司。随后2015年蚂蚁金服以51%的股权入股天弘基金,天弘基金的发展自此开启了“开挂”模式一路走向了快车道。这家业内第一大基金公司,如今正在面临飞速发展中的一些变化。

余额宝规模的迅速扩张把天弘基金一举推上了行业第一把交椅,从业内前十大基金公司来看,根据天天基金网数据,天弘基金规模是第二名工银瑞信的两倍多,是第十名汇添富基金的五倍多。但是,其全部基金数量84只,为前十大基金公司中最少,而且多为货币基金或者被动投资的指数型基金;其基金经理数量15人,也为前十大中数量最少。公司“一拖多”现象明显,今年4月17日,天弘基金发了20份基金经理变动公告,其中有19份都是关于基金经理刘冬离职的,其一人曾同时管理19只基金。

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