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无人驾驶汽车离万亿市场还有多远

2017-08-21 10:33:22   中国经济网

资本活跃 上半年并购资金超千亿

在这项技术尚未实现完全的市场化之前,商业合作的道路却早已经铺开。早前,谷歌的无人驾驶汽车公司Waymo就宣布与租车公司Avis合伙管理它们在亚利桑那州的自动驾驶车车队,几个月前又宣布与打车应用公司Lyft签署了合作协议;苹果也与租车公司Herts(赫兹)达成合作意向。每每这样的消息放出,这些传统的租车公司股价总会出现新一轮的上扬。

在市场研究公司麦肯锡的数据中,到2030年,无人驾驶出租车市场的规模将达到2万亿美元。而在英特尔(Intel)与研究公司Strategy Analytics所发布的相关报告中,无人驾驶汽车市场的规模将在2050年前达到7万亿美元。有关于自动驾驶的租赁、打车等相关服务被英特尔称作“乘客经济”,并认为其中有43%将由无人驾驶服务创造出来,剩余的部分则由消费者贡献。

今年7月,国务院印发《新一代人工智能发展规划》(以下简称《规划》),要求发展自动驾驶汽车和轨道交通系统。这也给国内的智能市场行业发出了强烈的信号。对于市场动向,没有谁比资本市场反应灵敏。根据不完全统计,2017年上半年无人驾驶领域公开的投融资及并购案例共32起,已知的投融资涉及金额超79亿元人民币;智能汽车厂商蔚来汽车和小鹏汽车以23亿元、22亿元的融资规模位列第一和第二;并购案例涉及金额超千亿人民币,最大的一次并购则是来自于英特尔153亿美元收购ADAS巨头Mobileye。

智能化面前相关问题仍待解决

在高精地图、车联网与智能交通系统等的合力支撑下,自动驾驶汽车正模拟接近于人类的视觉感知、紧急情况预测与驾驶技巧学习等能力。自动驾驶产业商业博弈中,很多巨头都预测无人驾驶时代将会提早到来,但来自业内人士的保守估计,最终的全自动化驾驶,可能还需要一段时间才能从实验阶段进入真正的广阔市场。

业内人士透露,共享化的大趋势之下,人工智能运用到汽车技术中,无疑会提供更多公共服务。因而多数国家和地区也都对于无人驾驶技术表示欢迎,相关部门也在研究有关无人驾驶的相关法规和细则,但这其中仍存在一些障碍,如世俗伦理之争——“在遇到紧急情况的时候,程序是应该优先保护车内乘客,还是车外的行人?事故面前,需要追责的究竟是车辆所有者,还是自动驾驶技术的开发者……” 归根结底,目前的安全问题、技术瓶颈、相关法规都成为了其登陆市场前需要得到解决的问题。

在安全性能的考量上,各大企业可谓费尽心思。除了在此前的“碰撞时用车身粘合剂黏住行人,避免汽车撞飞行人”的点子外。本月中旬,无人驾驶汽车公司Waymo刚获得一项专利——通过软化车身来降低交通事故对行人造成的伤害。据称,车辆将会利用底部的线缆、支撑条和弹簧来改变车身、保险杠和引擎盖的硬度。如果装上一辆车,那么其表面硬度仍保持坚硬;一旦传感器发现将对行人造成影响时,这款汽车就会放松底部支撑,从而创造硬度较低的表面,以便降低对行人的伤害。

不能否认,智能化是未来汽车行业的方向,无人驾驶时代也逐渐向我们靠近。在今年,不少半自动化功能也已经尝试着出现在一些高端汽车当中,比如制止越线和在高速公路驾驶时的速度调整。而诸如大众、宝马、奔驰、沃尔沃等厂商更明确地将自动驾驶市场的时间点定在2020年前后。有预测数据显示,2030年,将有1.2亿辆不同程度的无人驾驶汽车上路;2035年,无人驾驶汽车将占全球汽车销量的四分之一。

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