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交行首席经济学家连平:金稳会将开启金融监管新时代

2017-08-20 13:02:04   中国经济网

具体来说,监管的实施功能会具体落到各监管部门。后者的监管功能应该强化,而行业发展职责则应逐步淡化并最终不再承担。金融业内各行业的发展职责,建议由银行业协会、证券业协会和保险业协会等来承担。各协会的功能应该拓展并逐步做实,担当起行业发展的职能。金融业总体的发展规划应主要由作为金稳会办公室的央行来提出,而具体金融行业的发展规划则可以由行业协会研究提出,并按金稳会统筹决策后的要求来加以细化设计并付诸实施。建议在新的金融监管体制下,将行业协会的作用和功能加以充实完善,使之成为新体制中的重要构成部分。既要将行业协会打造成真正的自律组织,配合监管政策落地;又要将行业发展规划的功能赋予协会,以促进行业自主、理性地发展。

新的金融监管体制将会突出功能监管和行为监管。过去的监管主要是机构监管,将来出台相关的政策要从金融业务的功能性质来区分监管主体。功能监管,是对相同功能、相同法律关系的机构产品按照统一的规则和监管机构来进行监管。行为监管则是指从事金融的个人和机构都要申请牌照,牌照规定了行为范围,然后从行为角度去进行监管。鉴于功能监管和行为监管往往需要跨行业开展,一个时期以来因为分业监管体制下存在划地为牢、协调困难的现象,功能监管和行为监管难以有效实施。在金稳会居高临下的统筹协调下,跨行业的功能监管和行为监管将会较好地推进。

金稳会的会议制度建议由定期会议和不定期会议组成。考虑到金融市场变化多端的现实情况,定期会议似乎一个季度一次为好。通过定期会议对季度金融运行、市场风险等重大问题进行讨论分析,针对性地做出决策。有应急需求可以召开临时会议,以提升处置风险的效率。季度金稳会例会还可以发挥传递政策信息和引导市场预期的功能。

 金稳会设立的深远意义

迄今为止的中国金融监管体制沿革,似乎应了《三国演义》开篇的那句话,“分久必合,合久必分”。

中国证监会于1992年成立。第一次全国金融工作会议后不久的1998年,保监会成立,开启了“一行三会”监管体制的初期阶段。第二次全国金融工作会议后不久的2003年,银监会又从央行分离出来,此时可以说“一行三会”体制基本确立。第三次和第四次金融工作会议时“一行三会”体制没有发生变化,分业监管制度不断强化、运行惯性不断得到增强。从第一次会议到第四次会议约20年间,监管体制走过了由统到分的过程;分业监管体制从无到有,不断加强。在跨市场金融业务日益发展、金融系统性风险持续上升和分业监管体制缺陷不断显现的背景下,统合必将成为未来监管体制的大方向。尽管目前打破一行三会体制还不具备充足的条件,但在金稳会成立的新体制下,统合条件将不断趋于改善和满足。而金稳会的成立本身则是监管体制由分到合过程的重要标志,也是高层在金融监管体制问题上的一项重大决策。

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