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交行首席经济学家连平:金稳会将开启金融监管新时代
2017-08-20 13:02:04 中国经济网
近年来,中国金融市场风险事件发生频率上升、冲击力度加大和联动效应趋强,绝非偶然。世界经济增长缓慢和国际货币政策转变、中国经济转型和结构调整时期增长持续存在下行压力、长期以来中国宏观政策问题的积累等等都是金融风险压力加大的原因。但中国金融监管体制存在缺陷与不足,应该是最重要的原因之一。
当下中国金融监管体制存在五方面问题。一是在分业监管体制下,监管部门通常奉行“谁家孩子谁抱走”的原则,监管“割据”状态持续有所强化,监管盲区阶段性呈现。近年来互联网金融风险即是明显的案例。二是在资产管理业务快速发展和日益融合的背景下,分割状态较为明显的多头监管容易引发监管套利,导致风险隐匿、转移和放大。三是分业监管体制下的监管部门通常具有较为明显的“地盘意识”,实施监管时往往容易各自为政,导致跨部门协调困难重重。四是监管部门集监管与行业发展职能于一身,客观上形成了监管不足的土壤,导致“刚性兑付”和“小也不能倒”的现象持续存在。五是负责宏观审慎政策和货币政策的货币当局游离于金融监管之外,不利于系统性金融风险的防范。
目前,打破运行了十几年的一行三会体制的条件尚不具备,尤其是在金融风险压力增大的情况下,对监管体制大动干戈可能引发新的风险。那么,如何克服一行三会分业体制存在的监管盲区问题、不足问题和协调困难问题呢?我认为在一行三会层面之上构建统筹协调机制是重要而有效的举措。这种方案行政成本较小而实施却较为便捷,目前来看是解决问题的相对有效的举措。设立金稳会的直接目的就是补齐金融监管短板,克服分业监管体制存在的缺陷,抑制其长期运行所形成的惯性;以权威性和专业性切实加强金融监管的统筹协调,守住不发生系统性金融风险的底线,保持金融业稳定运行。
金稳会的功能与运行
国务院金融稳定发展委员会究竟是个什么样的机构?目前尚未有正式的文件披露,它的脸上还依然罩着一层面纱。但我认为,金稳会应该与金融监管协调部际联席会议不同,是个架于一行三会之上的有权威性的机构。既然金稳会设立的目的是为了克服原有一行三会体制的短板,更好地统筹协调监管,增强金融监管的统一性和协调性,提高防范系统性金融风险的有效性,那么权威性是必不可少的。金稳会是国务院层面的高层次协调机构,而并非是类似于发改委等国务院所属的部门,不会有相应的实体机构。其办事机构就是办公室,已明确设在央行。
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