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李慧勇则预计,后续人民币将呈双向波动。随着近期人民币大涨,补涨需求已得到部分释放。美元指数也已由底部开始回升。随着美元利空逐步释放,且美国下半年经济有望保持相对强劲,出于背水一战的考虑,在中期选举前特朗普税改大概率也将取得进展,预计后续美元仍有一定升值空间。而国内经济基本平稳叠加逆周期因子引入,也对人民币汇率有所支撑。随着人民币单边贬值预期逐步扭转,预计后续人民币将呈双向波动。
逆周期因子 增强市场掌控力
目前人民币定价参考三个因素决定,一是上一交易日美元/人民币收盘价,二是前夜美元兑CFETS(中国外汇交易中心)一揽子货币汇率的变化,三是今年刚引入的逆周期因子。今年5月底,央行在汇率中间价的报价模型中引入逆周期因子,目的在于“引导市场在汇率形成中更多关注宏观经济等基本面情况”。
业内人士认为,逆周期因子旨在促进中间价更多反映基本面信息,但基本面指标多为低频、慢变量,无法加入模型中,这一目标便主要体现在“经济基本面好转时,人民币相对美元升值幅度更大”。
对于逆周期因子的作用,兴业研究分析师研报指出,汇率市场化的核心是继续扩大中间价日间波动率。添加逆周期因子后,人民币相对美元升值时即期汇率波动幅度扩大;但中间价年化波动率从3.5%回落到2.8%,并带动即期汇率年化波动率下行。所以,简单扩大汇率波动幅度并非增强汇率弹性的良策,未来推动汇改还需切实提升中间价日间波动。
不过,逆周期因子运行的近两个月来,人民币中间价较即期汇率的波动更低,在加强央行对中间价的掌控力的同时,也增强了市场对人民币的信心。
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