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新三板频现“对赌” 是良方还是毒药?

2017-08-11 10:08:31   新华网

2016年8月8日,全国股转公司发布《挂牌公司股票发行常见问题解答(三)》,从七个方面对包括对赌协议在内的特殊条款进行了规范。其中第一条便是挂牌公司不能作为特殊条款的义务承担主体。

因此,在这种情况下,大多数对赌协议的承诺方都为公司股东,像最近因为对赌失败而被股权冻结的飞田通信,当初就是由公司的7位原股东与投资者签订了对赌协议。

某法律人士就此案例对上证报记者表示,当初最高法院判决的“对赌第一案”,为对赌协议相关诉讼提供了指导性案例。当时那个案件最高法院的判决是“投资者与目标公司对赌协议无效,投资者与目标公司股东对赌协议有效”。因此股转公司规定,公司不能成为特殊条款的义务承担主体,主要是为了保护公司利益与公司债权人利益。

此前,在新三板出现过公司与实控人一起参与“对赌”的案例。比如佳信捷于2012年与实控人王鑫一起同包括新疆久丰在内的6名投资人签订了协议。佳信捷最近公告称,新疆久丰以公司未践行对赌承诺为由,将公司及王鑫告上法庭,要求索赔2000万元,佳信捷承担连带责任。

“在佳信捷案件中,当初王鑫、佳信捷共同与投资方签订了对赌协议,协议部分有效。在后续产生的诉讼中,佳信捷被列入被告成为责任主体,由此侵害了公司与债权人的利益。”该法律人士称。

对赌是良方还是毒药?

“对赌是吸引投资者的利器。对赌协议是并购中对投资人保护的一种方式。虽有失败案例,但公司对投资人作出现金补偿,也是合理的。”某券商分析师对记者表示。

该分析师表示,在并购中时有“黑天鹅”出现,投资者如何保证自己的利益就显得十分重要。尤其是一些规模较大、目前业绩一般但未来可能出现爆发式增长的企业,在发行股票时为吸引大型战略投资者,往往倾向于与投资方签订对赌协议。

对赌的确存在较高的风险,但它在一定程度上对企业起到了激励作用。有券商人士认为,对赌协议可以说是一剂良方,因为好的企业根本不怕签对赌协议。由于新三板挂牌企业数量众多,监管制度无法从根本上解决“黑天鹅”现象,企业只能从自身角度去采取措施,对自身能力有信心的,就可以签对赌协议。那些因对赌失败而陷入诉讼的案例,实际上反映出公司实控人经营判断失误。既然造成了失误,就需要付出一定的成本。

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