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央企打响煤炭钢铁去产能攻坚战 上半年化解过剩产能上千万吨
2017-07-13 18:27:16 经济参考报
助推 多部门政策加码去产能
在国资委召开的2017年中央企业钢铁煤炭去产能工作会议中,国资委副主任孟建民强调,2017年中央企业化解过剩产能任务将继续加码,要打好去产能攻坚战,全面完成2017年钢铁去产能595万吨、煤炭去产能2493万吨的目标任务。
近年来围绕去产能的政策布局也动作频频。继去年国务院发布《关于钢铁行业化解过剩产能实现脱困发展的意见》,明确了5年时间化解钢铁过剩产能1至1.5亿吨的目标后,与化解过剩产能相关的奖补资金、财税支持、职工安置在内的八项配套政策以及整体实施方案全部出台,为今年中国钢铁行业去产能进入全面执行期奠定坚实的政策基础。今年5月,发改委等多个部门发布了2017年煤炭去产能实施方案。
在这些政策的指导和助推下,今年以来,已经有多省市发布了钢铁、煤炭去产能具体目标。截至目前,共有甘肃、内蒙古、河南等12省公布了《2017年度拟关闭退出煤矿名单》,总涉及煤矿近1000处。山西省提出,2017年将退出钢铁产能170万吨,将有同煤集团等10家煤企旗下的18家煤矿涉及关停工作,退出产能为1740万吨。贵州省则表示2017年度拟关闭煤矿82家,计划退出煤炭产能1248万吨。河北省提出,2017年将压减炼钢产能1562万吨、炼铁产能1624万吨,压减煤炭产能742万吨。此外,山东省、黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省、云南省以及内蒙古自治区等省市均公布了2017年去产能任务。
在大幅退出落后产能的同时,各地也在着力解决由此带来的职工安置问题。河北省在钢铁、煤炭等六个去产能任务突出的行业中,鼓励和支持去产能企业通过内部转岗、发放基本生活费、开发公益性岗位等措施安置去产能企业职工。山东省则通过再就业培训、就业对接服务等措施,计划在3年内安置职工5万多人。
体制 去产能要从行政化转向市场化
“去产能比数字更重要的是体制因素,要从行政化向市场化转变。”中国企业研究院首席研究员李锦向记者表示,我国钢铁、煤炭产能过剩的体制性特点是政府过多干预经济所致。“必须深化市场体系改革,让‘市场调节’替代‘政府推进’,让市场发现价格,让企业参与治理,”李锦表示,2017年的去产能工作要避免行政化的“快速”推进。他提到,河北武安创造性的建立了全国首个县级钢铁产能交易平台,运用市场机制倒逼过剩产能退出,对化解过剩产能工作有一定的启发性,“用市场的手段去产能,才是长治久安的办法。”
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