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民企海外并购三问:钱从哪里来 监管层为何出手?

2017-07-11 09:25:49   中国经济周刊

并购大鳄成“负债之王”?

有数据显示,2016年,中国企业的海外投资并购交易金额为2158亿美元。天量资金从何而来?

从公开信息来看,银行贷款是各企业跨境并购的主要资金来源。

4月底,曾有媒体报道称,安邦现金缺口巨大,其海外收购可能从民生银行获得了千亿元级别的贷款。但在随后,安邦官网回应称,安邦在民生银行没有一分钱的贷款,根本不存在向民生银行“贷款千亿”的问题。

不到两个月之后,安邦集团董事长兼总经理吴小晖被带走调查。同时,有消息称,中国保监会已正式派出工作组入驻安邦集团,并将重点调查其增资、保费收入以及海外投资等事项。

关于2015年以来规模高达400亿美元的海外并购资金来源,海航集团对外称,海航的资金来源,既有一二级市场融资,也有企业自有资金。海航集团获得银行综合授信超过6100亿元。与此同时,海航集团还声称,海航在逐年加大与海外资本市场的对接力度,公司与全世界多家知名商业银行、投资银行和各类金融机构开展了广泛的业务合作。

巨量银行贷款推升了激进开展海外并购企业的债务规模是不争的事实。潘功胜局长曾表示,“有的企业在自身高负债情况下,依然大额举债到海外开展收购”,希望企业对外并购更加理性。

复星国际2016年年报显示,其总资产达4867.79亿元,期末总负债高达3639.06亿元,是其当年净利润的36倍。万达集团旗下公司同样“负债累累”。万达集团资产规模最大的万达商业2017年一季度财务报表显示,万达商业总负债更是高达5446.03亿元,其总资产7712.64亿元,资产负债率为70.61%。

关于负债,“并购大鳄”的掌门人倒是颇为乐观。王健林在2016年年底的一个论坛上强调,万达拥有1900亿元的净资产,资产状况非常好。郭广昌亦在今年6月在复星集团成立20周年的庆典上表示,复星财务状况非常良性,“整个集团层面,基本是1000亿元规模的净资产,同时负债也是1000亿元左右,还有400亿元左右的现金在账上。”

“内保外贷”受到重点排查

公开资料显示,作为中国最凶猛的海外收购者之一,海航集团多个并购案的资金结构显露出极高的杠杆率,绝大部分资金来自贷款,其操作手法也颇具代表性。

2016年12月5日,海航集团旗下的上市公司天海投资(600751.SH)斥资60亿美元收购英迈国际,其公告显示,天海投资控股股东海航物流集团有限公司或其关联方,向为本次重大资产购买提供并购贷款/授信额度及开具保函/备用信用证的金融机构提供担保,天海投资及其子公司向相关金融机构申请不超过43亿美元贷款,其中由天海投资子公司GCL Investment Management,Inc。作为借款人,向中国农业银行纽约分行组织的银团借款不超过40亿美元,用于支付收购英迈国际100%股权之收购价款,贷款期限7年。天海投资子公司GCLInvestment Management,Inc。还作为借款人,向中国建设银行纽约分行借款2.7亿美元,用于支付收购英迈国际100%股权之收购价款。

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