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煤炭产业发展面临双重任务 去产能、转型升级推进

2017-07-02 03:52:30   

根本矛盾尚待解决

“尽管由于战略决策正确和相关措施实施得当,使处于隆冬季的煤炭产业暂时摆脱了危机,但这并不意味着煤炭产业自身存在的结构性矛盾已得到根本性解决。”岳福斌分析说,根据测算,2015年我国煤炭产能规模已经达到57亿吨左右。自去年以来,煤炭去产能约4亿吨左右,这意味着目前煤炭产能规模依然超过50亿吨。根据国家统计局发布的《2016年国民经济和社会发展统计公报》,初步核算,2016年全年能源消费总量43.6亿吨标准煤,其中煤炭消费量下降4.7%。这意味着煤炭产能供给大于需求的过剩问题依然严峻。

中国煤炭工业协会会长王显政指出,全国煤炭产能过剩的态势还没有发生根本改变,市场供大于求的隐忧依然存在。特别是近期国家加大宏观调控力度,调整减量化生产政策;对手续不全的建设项目,通过产能置换加快补办相关手续;对部分先进产能煤矿、安全保障能力较高的露天煤矿和低瓦斯煤矿通过核增生产能力,将会对煤炭市场供需关系产生一定影响。

事实上,即便是进展顺利的去产能工作,背后也存在着不少亟待解决的矛盾和问题。岳福斌认为,在去产能过程中,一些退下来的生产要素并没有得到有效配置。例如,部分劳动力尚未得到妥善安置;部分企业债务问题也未得到有效解决,财务成本居高不下,杠杆率依然偏高;煤炭产业技术进步明显放缓,对后续的长远发展十分不利。

“随着去产能工作的推进,煤矿职工安置、资产和债务处置问题越来越突出。”王显政也指出,当前,职工安置资金缺口大、奖补资金标准低、资金适用范围窄、职工安置渠道有限,职工安置难度越来越大;煤矿关闭退出中的资产债权债务关系复杂,绝大多数关闭退出煤矿为法人单位,资产债务处置难度大。

转型升级仍是重点

随着煤炭市场供求关系的改善,产业经济形势趋于好转,目前个别地方和企业去产能积极性有所减弱。

针对这一现象,岳福斌指出,虽然煤炭产业经济“双底”构筑成功,并呈现趋稳向好的发展态势,但目前还有很多不确定性因素,向好的基础并不稳固,对煤炭产业面临的发展形势仍应理性看待。

“煤炭产业仍要继续坚持改革发展创新,巩固来之不易的趋稳向好发展局面,努力夯实产业可持续发展的基础。”岳福斌说,煤炭产业仍然要继续深化供给侧结构性改革,不能认为煤炭价格回升了,煤炭就不用去产能了,而是要坚定不移地推进去产能的相关工作,科学精准去产能、有序有效去产能,优化供给结构和质量,保障供需总体平衡的持续性。

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