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网约车新政遇“落地难” 专家建议:激发市场活力

2017-06-29 09:56:00   经济参考报

利益博弈增加新政落地难度。在不少地方,网约车的发展导致出租车牌照价格缩水,一些出租车司机和炒牌照的中介受损严重。比如,有的城市出租车牌照由过去的20万元涨价到80万元,由于网约车竞争又降低到40万元。

一些业内人士表示,地方版网约车新政制定面临多重利益考量。出租车行业改革之前,司机终身拥有牌照使得其缺乏改进服务的动力。而如果借牌照贬值用赎买等方式加速地方出租车公司退出,这些公司恐难接受。

对网约车执法也在各地不断引起行政复议。南京一家汽车租赁公司高管表示,南京私家车转为运营车辆,接入平台时交通局客管处允许,但公安局车管所却不通过年检。不少私家车迟迟难以接入网约车平台。

昆山市交通局一个官员说,一些平台公然抗法,不仅鼓励在昆山被处罚的车辆提起行政复议,罚款还可以报销。一些地方运管部门频频接到网约车行政复议,基本没法干其他事。

出租车改革专家徐康明认为,地方新政发布后,应该采取手段让不合法的人员和车辆退出,否则会破坏公平的市场环境。一方面巡游出租车企业没办法扩大规模,另一方面守法的网约车企业将付出很大代价。

  呵护共享经济这一“活力之源”

一些受访专家认为,应充分意识到网约车为代表的共享经济对社会就业的拉动作用和社会管理模式的变革作用,建议用权力的“减法”,换取市场活力的“乘法”。

深度调研网约车企业,进行科学评估。以网约车为代表的共享经济对城市交通管理模式提出了新挑战,新旧经济动能的转换背后是新旧经济获益群体的分化。业内人士认为,旧经济的获益群体较为集中,组织化程度较高,但新经济获益群体更加广泛,声音更加分散。因此在政策制定上要考虑旧经济获益群体的可承受性,也要考虑新经济获益群体的广泛性。

滴滴、阿里、腾讯等平台型经济体的崛起的背后有强大的资本支持,也让不少民众获得了好处。且信用经济、平台化和大数据管理可能诞生智慧交通、无人驾驶、车联网等新技术,这些是未来经济社会发展的趋势,也是政府构筑新管理职能的重要依托,宜以更开放的思维对待。

滴滴一位高管说,虽然滴滴平台的“僵尸车”不好管理,但它表示社会车辆的富余运能情况,在城市运力紧张时可以充分释放。滴滴出行创始人兼CEO程维表示,中国要想实现对西方工业大国的弯道超车,以互联网思维来改造传统工业产业是一大机遇。

一方面,制定相对科学的退出和补偿机制,减轻社会群体转型焦虑。在新政过渡期内,可能有不少专职网约车司机失业,建议有针对性开展相关政策解释和引导工作,吸引其到租车公司等平台兼职。

另一方面,科学预见出租车兼职化可能带来的挑战。共享经济模式可能会带来司机更大范围的兼职,这会加大管理难度,也可能冲击出租车行业平均收入水平。可鼓励租车公司增加自营车辆以应对互联网供给的潮起潮落,并对出租车行业平均收入进行监测和评估,科学指导行业发展。

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