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网约车新政遇“落地难” 专家建议:激发市场活力

2017-06-29 09:56:00   经济参考报

一些地方新政已经过了执行期限,但不合规网约车仍在运营,巡游车司机不知道要不要留守本职工作,网约车司机则不知道自己要不要转行。

据北京市交通委运输局统计,网约车出现后,巡游车驾驶员收入从2013年的6500元左右,下降到2016年上半年的4500元左右。2014年至2016年,驾驶员队伍流失将近1万人。不过,出租车运营情况近期有所好转。

一位不愿透露姓名的滴滴高层表示,新政出台后,滴滴网约车业务也出现了大幅下滑,司机在大量流失。

与此同时,乘客对网约车的选择也出现摇摆。据介绍,2017年春节前,一些大城市乘客日均出租车呼叫次数从30多万暴增到90万,出租车在滴滴平台的应答率仅为40%。此外,新政逐步落地后,滴滴快专车运力减少,应答率从2016年10月的90%降到2017年3月的50%左右,极大降低了乘客的出行体验。

资本市场也开始犹疑,“摸不透”网约车平台的市场前景。介于新政对市场的影响,不少网约车平台企业的市场估值都有所下滑,也影响到了企业在国内外布局。一些业内人士表示,国内风投资本对于网约车等分享经济的热潮已经有所消退。

 新政落地难折射管理焦虑

《网络预约出租汽车经营服务管理暂行办法》实施半年多,不少地方的实施细则依然没有出台。

各地对网约车需求不一。一些地方认为城市应该优先发展公共交通,网约车只是补充,且应比巡游出租车更“高端”。因此对网约车设定较高车型、价格、排量、轴距门槛。也有一些地方希望网约车兼顾高中低端需求,比如海口取消网约车排量限制,而丽江和汉中则选择将巡游出租车整体接入网约车平台。

首汽约车CEO魏东表示,我国一线城市道路交通拥堵现象较严重,当地管理部门选择提高网约车门槛有其合理性,而二三线城市出租车市场不饱和,网约车政策可以放松一点。

至于该不该对出租车进行数量控制。一位基层干部表示,建设部1995年出台了《城市道路交通规划设计规范》,规定大城市出租车保有量标准为每万人20台,中小城市为15台,这成为大多数城市进行出租车数量计算和控制的标准。

不过也有观点认为,这一标准多年来没有改变,且网约车并不是带来道路交通拥堵的主要原因,应适时放开数量管制。北京交通大学闫学东教授课题组在2016年10月发布的《基于滴滴大数据的北京道路交通运行状况分析报告》认为,网约车以经济规律为杠杆调节交通市场供需,以信息对称为核心使供给匹配需求,有助于减少车辆空驶率。

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