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养老金中央调剂制度方案提上日程 关于它哪个是真相?

2017-06-27 14:55:43   中国经济周刊

但中国人民大学中国社会保障研究中心副主任杨立雄告诉《中国经济周刊》记者,“很多说法都是危言耸听,尤其是养老金缺口将达8万亿~ 10万亿元,不知道他们是采用什么方法计算出来的,缺口怎么会这么大?其实,10年前就有养老金缺口扩大甚至崩盘的说法,现在也没有崩盘。目前养老金个人账户还结余很多。根据人社部统计的2016年结余数字,可以确保17个月的支付。这充分说明养老保险当期运行是平稳的。”

针对近期舆论关注的养老金亏空问题,5月24日,人社部社会保险事业管理中心负责人通过人社部网站回应称:当前我国养老保险基金运行总体平稳,2016年职工基本养老保险基金总收入3.51万亿元,同比增长19.5%,总支出3.19万亿元,同比增长23.4%,当期结余约3200亿元,累计结余3.86万亿元。从全国总体来看,养老保险基金仍保持收大于支,基金累计结余持续增加,确保了全国职工养老保险待遇按时足额发放。

不仅2016年,今年第一季度养老金也实现了结余。人社部社会保险事业管理中心负责人表示,2017年一季度,养老保险基金运行开局平稳,总体向好,一季度基金总收入9708亿元,同比增长25.4%,基金支出8085亿元,同比增长22.9%,基金总体继续收大于支,当期结余超过1600亿元,累计结余突破4万亿元。

基于上述数据,杨立雄比较乐观,他告诉《中国经济周刊》记者,养老金现在没有缺口,50年以后或许会有缺口,但也许在20年、30年以后这个问题就解决了,养老金缺口就不会那么严重了。“因为现在是以静态的方式,用设计的参数来测算未来养老金缺口,这些参数都是固定不变的,而且都是以一对夫妇只生一胎来作为测算的基数,现在都实施二胎了,跟以前完全不一样了,所以,未来养老金缺口不会如公布的8万亿~10万亿元那么严重。”

养老金地区差异大,2015年广东结余最多,山西等6省份收不抵支

从全国范围看,养老金是结余的,但是,地区差异却十分明显。

在今年3月1日国新办的新闻发布会上,针对养老金运行情况,人社部部长尹蔚民指出,现在养老保险是省级统筹,各省份之间养老保险基金的运行差异比较大,好的省份能够保障50个月的支付,特别困难的省份,当期收不抵支,累计结余也基本上用完。

“产生地区差异的原因,跟当地经济发达程度相关。”杨立雄告诉《中国经济周刊》记者,在地区差异方面,广东、上海、北京、江苏、浙江、山东等一些经济发达的沿海城市,最近几年养老金结余比较多,尤其是广东结余更多,因为这些省份的劳动力比较年轻;而西部、中部的很多省份,养老金却亏空严重。

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