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2017下半年经济增速或延续平稳走势 物价维持低位

2017-06-26 17:57:01   经济参考报

梁红预测2017年CPI增速为1.7%,因为食品价格超预期下跌,而PPI增速为3.6%,因为3月以来国内金融去杠杆降低通胀预期,且全球通胀预期亦有所回落。

谢亚轩预测,今年下半年,我国CPI走势仍将呈现温和上行的态势,未来三个季度的CPI同比增速依次为1.5%、2.0%、2.2%。

今年以来,食品价格整体低迷,菜价、猪价、蛋价均持续下跌,鸡蛋市场价格更是一度创下10年新低,但因为翘尾因素影响,5月CPI反而同比上涨了1.5%。交通银行首席经济学家连平认为,由于6月翘尾因素将达到年内最高点,CPI近期可能还会上升。但是,下半年随着总需求的小幅回落、监管政策去杠杆防风险导致流动性有所收紧、市场利率小幅走高,这些都会导致物价承压。预计年内CPI同比将呈现中间高、两头低的走势。

PPI方面,去年底到今年初的快速上涨已经告一段落,截至目前,同比涨幅已经连续3个月回落,市场普遍预计这一趋势还将延续。连平表示,PPI翘尾因素继续逐月下降,将成为影响PPI走弱的重要因素。企业补库存周期逐渐减弱,工业和制造业生产回暖势头有所放缓,货币政策稳健中性和金融监管去杠杆,不会出现释放流动性抬高工业产品的现象。因此PPI涨幅继续收窄的可能性较大。

上海证券研究所总经理助理兼首席分析师胡月晓也表示,工业领域之前的“高价格”并不是真正的高,仅表示工业价格回升较快。受基数效应的影响,未来将进入持续下降通道。而在经济整体“底部徘徊”格局下,需求疲软决定了消费价格水平的低迷局面。未来价格走势仍将维持高低组合,但值得注意的是,年中或经历双下行探底局面。

发力 投资将保持较快增长

而在对经济增长有直接拉动作用的投资方面,今年1-5月全国固定资产投资同比增速虽有所回落,但具体到分项指标上,制造业投资增速有所提高,基础设施投资也保持了高位运行,民间投资当月增速更是大幅回升。机构预测,今年投资增速仍将保持较快增长。

中国银行国际金融研究所研究员高玉伟认为,随着项目和资金约束进一步放松,基建投资增速不会持续回落,有望稳定20%左右的较高水平上;在外部需求走强、企业盈利改善的刺激下,制造业投资有望稳中有升,特别是高技术产业投资仍将持续高速增长。总体而言,预计未来投资仍将保持较快增长,全年增速将高于上年。

国家统计局新闻发言人刘爱华表示,今年以来,实体经济改善尤其企业效益改善,提高了企业的投资能力和投资预期。因此,我国内需增长的潜力和空间仍然非常大,关键是要找准发力点。

此外,也有专家提出,下半年投资也面临了很多压力因素。姜超表示,决定投资的核心变量是地产投资,目前的地产投资增速仍处于过去两年以来的高位水平,但由于从2016年10月开始地产调控日趋严厉,地产销售已经连续三个季度大幅下滑,即便考虑地产销售到投资的滞后传导期从半年延长到三个季度,其对地产投资的拖累也将在下半年明显体现。

谢亚轩也认为,受房地产投资放缓的影响,下半年投资增速将逐步走弱。此外,近期工业企业已经感受到融资利率上升对利润空间的侵蚀,制造业盈利改善势头在强监管的背景下也受到一定影响,这可能会减缓制造业投资的回升速度。然而,由于今年一季度投资增速达到9.2%,因此预计全年固定资产投资增速仍会小幅高于2016年的水平。

连平也表示,下半年投资可能出现压力,特别是随着房地产市场政策调整之后,房地产企业融资持续低迷,未来房地产开发投资增速可能会明显下跌。出口回暖带动相关制造业生产和投资,但内需难以持续改善,制造业投资维持在低速增长。稳增长促投资主要着力点还得看基础设施建设。

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