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滥用相对优势地位 监管缺位致电商平台任性“二选一”

2017-06-23 13:24:11   法制日报

“某平台强迫入驻商家‘二选一’,不允许商家参与其他平台的网络大促,相当于滥用了平台优势。”李俊慧认为。

时建中也认为,在竞争法律制度中,有必要引入遏制滥用相对优势地位行为的制度。在电子商务法律制度中,应该强化电商平台的竞争行为和交易行为的约束,并增加平台应当承担的法律责任。

据介绍,禁止滥用相对优势地位条款一度入法。2016年3月,国务院法制办公室公布了《中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法(修订草案送审稿)》,该送审稿是国家工商总局起草的。送审稿增加了“禁止滥用相对优势地位”的条款,对4种行为作出禁止性规定,包括“没有正当理由,限定交易相对方的交易对象”等,此外还附加了兜底条款。草案还规定,对滥用相对优势地位的不公平交易行为,处以违法经营额1倍以上5倍以下的罚款。

专家寄望写入反垄断法

“相对优势地位”是一个全新的法律术语,与反垄断法里的“市场支配地位”接近,但又有所不同。国家工商总局起草的送审稿对“相对优势地位”作出了解释:“本法所称的相对优势地位,是指在具体交易过程中,交易一方在资金、技术、市场准入、销售渠道、原材料采购等方面处于优势地位,交易相对方对该经营者具有依赖性,难以转向其他经营者。”

该条规定在业界引起极大的争议,尤以几家互联网巨头企业的反对声最大。典型观点是“相对优势地位,缺少定量判断标准,主观性太强,很容易产生分歧”。

互联网巨头的反对产生了效果,最终在提交给全国人大常委会审议的草案中,取消了有关“禁止滥用相对优势地位”的规定。魏士廪律师透露,取消的原因是背后的博弈太过激烈,互联网巨头企业的反对声过大。

时建中将此寄望于反垄断法的修订:“加快启动反垄断法的修改进程,增加制止滥用相对优势地位的条款。”

背景资料

“二选一”涉嫌违反哪些法律规定

民法总则:“民事主体从事民事活动,应当遵循自愿原则,按照自己的意思设立、变更、终止民事法律关系。”

反不正当竞争法:“经营者在市场交易中,应当遵循自愿、平等、公平、诚实信用的原则,遵守公认的商业道德。”

网络商品和服务集中促销活动管理暂行规定:“网络集中促销组织者不得违反反垄断法、反不正当竞争法等法律、法规、规章的规定,限制、排斥平台内的网络集中促销经营者参加其他第三方交易平台组织的促销活动。”

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