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中国研发激光“低空卫士”:专治“黑飞”无人机

2017-06-23 09:44:28   

激光有了用武之地

世界上第一台红宝石激光器是1960年由美国科学家梅曼发明,自此,激光技术获得了突飞猛进的发展,在工业、医疗、信息科学、生物技术和军事上得到了广泛应用。

激光具有方向性好的特点。它可以很好地把光集中在物体很小的面积上。比如我们平时使用的手电筒,其光线就是发散的,而演讲、上课时用的激光笔就是一条光线,聚集度极高。此外,激光还有照度高的特点,太阳直射到地面的光照强度一般是每平方米也就数百瓦,而激光的照度能达到每平方厘米几千瓦。

科学家正是利用这一特性,将高功率激光远距离传输、投射到目标上,通过热烧蚀,破坏目标结构,从而使目标被摧毁或丧失能力。

低空卫士”火眼金睛

在广泛调研的基础上,为解决“低慢小”飞行器的隐患问题,以中物院副总工程师范国滨为首的科研团队,利用长期研究激光的优势,着力开发一款服务于低空安保的“低空卫士”高科技系统。

据介绍,该系统自主提出并实现了分体组合式激光系统的新构型,突破了高效高品质激光合成技术、快速拆装式光学组装技术、耦合光路一键校准和跟踪转台分体设计等系列关键技术,实现了光机电热接口的快速链接,有效解决了城市密集区、高层建筑屋顶等各类复杂区域部署的难题;提升了对具有随机扰动的目标的轨迹预测能力,实现了对低慢小目标的稳定跟踪;建立了真假目标的时空相关性判据,有效降低目标自动提取的虚警率。

“低空卫士”系统通过发射激光对“低慢小”实施打击,其毁伤主要是通过烧蚀“低慢小”的表面材料、功能部件,以破坏其动力学特性、能源系统、飞行控制系统等,使目标失去飞行能力。当激光幅照加热和复合材料自身燃烧释热共同作用时,会引起飞翼或机体材料较大面积烧蚀、炭化,致使其结构材料强度下降,进而使“低慢小”不能承受飞行中的力学载荷;而当激光辐照直接或间接烧蚀能源系统、飞行控系统,也均会使飞行器出现空难性后果。

据系统开发单位介绍,在实际使用中,雷达持续大范围搜索空域,一旦发现可疑目标如无人机,将目标的位置信息发送给“低空卫士”,引导“低空卫士”对目标自动捕获和持续跟踪,并在指挥屏幕上实时显示目标图像,指控系统根据测距信息判断目标是否进入打击范围,当目标进入打击范围后,指控人员选择瞄准位置,发射主激光,燃烧目标的关键部位,直至目标坠毁。之后,系统可根据任务,转入执勤状态或立即进入对新威胁目标的打击状态。

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