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地方间壁垒突出 清洁能源“西电东送”一头热一头冷

2017-06-22 10:43:38   经济参考报

电力供需新阶段呼唤供给侧改革

“电力市场的供需格局已发生根本改变。”中国宏观经济研究院能源研究所副所长、研究员高世宪分析,随着产业结构调整加快,高耗能行业在经济中的占比在下降,同时电力消费的结构也在发生变化,服务业用电、居民家庭用电等快速增长。

自去年5月12日上线以来,四川电力交易中心已运行一年有余。作为地方电力体制改革的一项重要内容,四川电力交易中心利用市场机制,在外送通道受限的情况下充分挖掘潜力。今年,交易中心已落实外送电计划330亿千瓦时,同比净增约70亿千瓦时,增幅达到24.8%。

然而在四川电力交易中心一位负责人看来,这份成绩虽然光鲜,但背后全是水电企业的“辛酸泪”。“为了生存,企业不得不把电‘贱卖’,甚至为了一点增量争得头破血流。”他说。

去年,四川电网调峰“弃水”电量高达142亿千瓦时,按照0.30元/千瓦时的上网电价粗略估算,意味着发电企业直接损失的发电收入达40亿元左右。同时,由于执行直购电、留存电量和富余电量等政策,平均上网结算电价只达到批复电价的76%,令部分企业经营“雪上加霜”。

这样的困境并非只发生在四川。中电联近期披露,去年全国清洁能源“弃水”“弃风”“弃光”共计近1100亿千瓦时,超过同年三峡电站发电量约170亿千瓦时。

《电力发展“十三五”规划》(以下简称《规划》)预测,“十三五”内全社会用电量年均增长3.6%至4.8%,表明我国电力供应将进入持续宽松的新阶段。这样的局面在近30年中并不多见。随着电力供给宽松常态化但环境资源约束不断加强,电力行业的首要任务应从保供应向增效益转变。

据国家能源局有关人士介绍,我国承诺2020年、2030年非化石能源消费比重要分别达到15%和20%左右,因此《规划》将“优先布局清洁能源”的原则贯穿始终,在电力电量平衡的时候首先平衡水电、风电、光伏和核电,差额部分再用气电、煤电进行补充,表明火电要继续为非化石能源发展腾出空间。

其次,电源布局也将进一步优化,突出开发与市场消纳相统一。例如,《规划》提出“三北”地区与“弃水”严重地区的风电建设节奏将放缓,而消纳能力较强或负荷中心区的风电开发力度将加强,力争中东部及南方区域风电占“十三五”全国新增规模的一半。

同时,在跨区配置上,“十三五”期间规划新增“西电东送”输电能力1.3亿千瓦,几乎在“十二五”末的规模上增加了一倍;输电通道建设过程中将重点考虑资源富集地区的送出与受端的电源结构和调峰能力,合理确定受电比重和受电结构。(记者 成建 肖林 杨迪)

(责编:王子侯、杨曦)

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