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地方间壁垒突出 清洁能源“西电东送”一头热一头冷

2017-06-22 10:43:38   经济参考报

届时,四川的风、光、水等清洁能源总装机,减去四川最高用电负荷和最大外送能力,还多出约2400万千瓦产能。“三峡电站的总装机才2240万千瓦。”刘洋说。

西电东送”一头热一头冷

专家认为,水电作为清洁能源理应通过“西电东送”,放到全国范围来优化配置。然而,“西电东送”省际协调的难度越来越大,在电力供给已经趋于宽松的情况下,一些中东部省份发展火电的热情却不减。

水电是我国仅次于煤电的第二大主力电源,也是目前开发规模最大、技术最成熟、经济性最强的清洁能源。但我国的水力资源分布不均,主要集中在西部地区,尤其是四川、云南、西藏等西南省份。金沙江、雅砻江、大渡河、澜沧江等西南主要河流的技术可开发容量占到了全国的“半壁江山”。

“西部的经济发展水平决定了本地负荷水平有限,如此集中的水电装机不可能完全就地消纳。”四川省能源协会秘书长、四川大学教授马光文认为。然而,近年来不少四川电力企业都感觉到,“西电东送”省际协调的难度越来越大。“‘西电东送’的口号喊得不是那么响亮了。”国网四川省电力公司的一位负责人说。

《经济参考报》记者了解到,这主要是由于宏观经济进入新常态后,电力需求增速也随之放缓。“十二五”期间,我国电力供应由总体平衡、局部偏紧的状态逐步转向相对宽松、局部过剩,全社会用电量年均增速6.27%。东部地区的本地装机仍在发展,留给外来水电的消纳空间自然就减少了。特别是2016年1月全国火电调价后,导致部分上网电价偏高、季节性特征明显的水电更加缺少优势。

一些中东部省份发展火电的热情不减,2014年国家下放火电站核准权至省一级,更是掀起了一些地方批建火电的高潮。据中国电力企业联合会统计,2015年和2016年全国新增的火电装机总量达1.25亿千瓦。

“需求侧的池子已满,供给侧的闸门却还开着。”马光文认为,一些地方热衷于建设火电项目,是因其产业链长,涉及煤炭、交通运输等上下游许多行业,对增加当地的GDP、税收和就业都将发挥巨大作用。但火电的无序发展不仅会挤占清洁能源的空间,也进一步加剧供需失衡,形成“多败俱伤”的局面。

据统计,去年全国火电设备利用小时数仅4165小时,为1964年以来的新低。在2016年底举行的全国能源工作会议上,国家能源局专门指出高度重视煤电过剩问题,进一步加大调控力度,“该减速的减速,该刹车的必须刹车”。

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