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“智轨列车”申请专利30余项 市场空间或达万亿级别

2017-06-20 17:14:06   中国经济周刊

2015年底,从最初的车体轻量化设计,到后来融入了双向行驶、多轴转向与轨迹跟随技术,中车株洲所完成车辆的整车制造及轨迹跟随系统相关调试工作,实现了35米轨迹跟随列车直线跟随误差小于10cm,圆周跟随误差小于50cm的目标。

2016年底,株洲所一鼓作气完成了32米智能轨道快运列车工程样车的研制。样车采用复合材料和铝合金车身结构,液压转向系统集成化设计,减重30%,体积缩小30%,实现轻量化设计。

“我们抢占了多个前沿技术高地。”中车株洲所研究院基础与平台研发中心主任许峻峰表示,中车株洲所研发了国内第一个多网融合实时以太网控制系统,有效实现工程样车传动控制与网络控制功能融合,并且还突破无轨导向控制、无人驾驶、双源双充高可靠储能系统、低地板全铝车身系统集成等5项核心技术。

基于该项目,中车株洲所申请了轨迹跟随控制策略、整车设计制造和系统集成技术等30余项专利。

充电10分钟可行驶25公里

一列天上没有电线、地上没有轨道、集合了现代有轨电车运载能力和公交车灵活性的跨界智能轨道列车究竟是什么样子?

最为引人注目的技术,无疑是“虚拟轨道跟随控制”技术。资料显示,它通过车载各类传感器识别路面虚拟轨道线路,将运行信息传送至列车“大脑”(中央控制单元),根据“大脑”的指令,保证列车完成牵引、制动、转向等正常动作,精准控制列车行驶在既定“虚拟轨迹”上,实现智能运行。

冯江华解释,相对于有轨道的列车,“虚拟轨道跟随控制”是一种柔性控制技术,“就像甩动一根柔软的面条,要让面条的每一段都在同一轨迹上,很难。我们能做到的是,所有的轮子都沿着一条轨道前行,误差不超过10厘米,这就能够降低因车身变长造成的事故率,既确保整体通过性能,又提升整体运输能力。”

在对比试验中,依靠虚拟轨道跟随技术,虚拟轨道列车比传统的12米公交车拐弯还要灵活,且不需要减速。研发数据称,在转弯半径15米的弯道上运行时,12米大巴的通道宽度为5.8米,而虚拟轨道列车为3.83米。在弯道遇到需要倒车的情况时,公交车司机只能小心翼翼地倒车。虚拟轨道列车却采用与高铁列车一样的双车头设计,司机直接走到反方向的车头就可将列车开出去。这意味着,凡是公交车可以通过的地方,虚拟轨道列车都可以运行。

无人驾驶技术是虚拟轨道列车的又一亮点。在虚拟轨道列车运行时,《中国经济周刊》记者看到,司机放开双手后车辆依旧沿着既定路线照常行驶。不过,冯江华也表示,尽管可以做到无人驾驶,但现在受制于技术之外的多种限制,无人驾驶技术更多地的提高虚拟轨道列车的安全性能,“它可以智能地感知环境,自动分析车辆行驶状态,替代人工操作,有效减轻驾驶员疲劳,提高行车安全性。”

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