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医药分开倒逼医院门诊药房改革
2017-06-12 10:02:21 经济参考报
突破 运营成本高企 剥离成现实选择
根据国务院年初发布的《关于进一步改革完善药品生产流通使用政策的若干意见》,“门诊患者可以自主选择在医疗机构或零售药店购药,医疗机构不得限制门诊患者凭处方到零售药店购药。具备条件的可探索将门诊药房从医疗机构剥离。”“鼓励有条件的地区开展药师网上处方审核、合理用药指导服务”。业内人士认为,这事实上为处方外流的药房剥离提供了政策支持。
而取消药品加成后,为门诊药房这个“成本中心”寻找“接盘手”则成了医院推进药房剥离的一大动力。“我们对药房的运行做过标化测算,平均每人每年的成本约为15万元,我院药房共有80名员工,一年的运行成本是1200万元。”某县级公立医院院长表示,从2013年开始取消药品加成,每年因此损失的收入达5000万元左右。一位药品流通行业人士举例,一个年销售额1亿元的医院药房,每年的运营费用需要300万元左右。“无论是1万元的销售额还是1亿元的销售额,都不会给公立医院带来任何账面收益。”北京大学医药管理国际研究中心管晓东博士说,“从理论上讲,药品销售额越大,所带来的存储、人力等成本就越大,亏损就越大,医院药房一下从利润来源变成了成本包袱。”
基于这一现实条件,药房托管已经成为各地公立医院应对药品零差率销售,转移药房运行成本的改革之策。《经济参考报》记者初步统计,国内已经有包括康美药业、国药控股、华润医药、三九集团在内的30多家医药上市公司承接数百家药房托管。另据统计,全国范围内,约有半数以上的二级及以下医院已实施或计划实施药房托管。
药房托管,是指医疗机构通过契约形式,在药房所有权不发生变化和国家对非营利性医疗机构的各项优惠政策不变的情况下,将其药房的药品销售活动交由有合法经营资格,较强经营管理能力,并能够承担相应风险的医药企业进行有偿的经营和管理,明晰医院药房所有者、经营者之间的权利义务关系的一种药品经营模式。
有专家认为,除了维持医院正常运转,托管医院药房还能满足医药企业抢占医院药品供应市场、稳定销售渠道、扩大经营范围的需求。既然政府支持、医院乐意、企业积极,药房托管能够同时满足三方诉求,各方摩拳擦掌就不足为奇了。不过也有业内人士质疑,实行药房托管后,医院账面上确实没有来自药品加成的收入了,但多了固定资产租赁、利润分成等收入,不算真正意义上的“医药分开”。
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