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快递实名制遇冷 市场意愿与法律权威如何调和?

2017-06-12 10:02:16   华西都市报

◎蒋璟璟

从2016年6月1日起,“快递实名制”作为国家行业标准正式开始施行。根据《快递安全生产操作规范》,收寄快递必须出示本人身份证等有效证件,快递单必须实名,并且需先通过快递员检查验视。但记者调查发现,“快递实名制”实施一年多来,并未严格执行,一些民众出于隐私考虑,拒绝提供相关信息,而快递员也怕麻烦,并不过问,这或许是导致“快递实名制”持续遇冷的重要因素。(央视)

在施行一年多之后,“快递实名制”的落实情况仍旧不甚乐观。非但公众和快递企业对此敷衍了事,甚至与之相关的职能部门,也同样并未较真监管。如今的局面是,各方针对“快递实名制”新规,迅速达成了某种心照不宣的默契。

一度引发巨大关注的“快递实名制”,何以在现实中持续遇冷?之于此,或许还得从其立法源头说起。众所周知,“快递实名制”的法律依据乃是《快递安全生产操作规范》。但由国家邮政局制定的这一“规范”从本质上来说只是部门规章而已,因其在现有法律体系中处于最低的位阶,故而自一开始就不具备太多的强制性和约束力。在这种大背景下,“快递实名制”被虚置,并不令人意外。

现实中,各方对“快递实名制”似乎都有所顾虑:民众担心其会泄露隐私,快递员则担心揽件时间增加、按件提成的收入减少,而快递企业则担心此举会导致客户流失。而客观说来,这种种忧虑都不无道理……既没有对民间的合理关切给出必要的预设性安排,自身又缺乏刚性的法律依据作为支撑,“快递实名制”的尴尬处境很大可能会继续下去。

如今的“快递实名制”,可说是法律规范有名无实的典型样本。此类规章的普遍特性是,都带有很明显的“事件驱动性”色彩。也即,在事前不被用以作强硬约束,一旦事发却往往会被拿来作追责开罚的理由。换而言之,监管部门也许不会计较快递公司是否真正贯彻“实名制”,但倘若由于未落实“实名制”而导致严重后果,那么其必然会反过来就此问责——某种意义上说,这也算兼顾市场意愿和法律效力为数不多的变通之法了。

关于“快递实名制”,市场的消极应对,以及职能部门的相对宽容,实则都很能说明问题。需要说明的是,以维护公共安全之名推行“快递实名制”,当然无可指摘。然而,在这一“实名制”频频遇冷的当下,相关管理部门最需要去做的,无疑还是在别处“扎紧篱笆”。比如说,严格要求开箱验货、验视盖章以及推行快件无差别安检等等。

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