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“最短命”共享单车调查:企业任性还是管理粗暴?

2017-06-10 02:45:39   新华社

究竟共享单车属不属于占道经营?“对于共享单车这一新生事物、采取什么样的城市管理手段,关键在于对单车如何定位。”同济大学公共管理系主任诸大建认为,如果将其定位为完全的营运行为,占道就不合法;但如果是将其定位成市场的行为解决了公共服务,那么现有制度则有调整的空间。

交通运输部管理干部学院教授张柱庭认为,公共产品是向公众、社会开放的。从这个角度看,单车公司提供了公共服务也是企业经营行为,不能因为单车公司收费,就叫占道经营,这是有争议的。否则,那是不是公交车道路上跑,也属于占道?普通人骑车上班赚了钱,也属占道?

日前公布的交通运输部牵头、10个部委起草的《关于鼓励和规范互联网租赁自行车发展的指导意见(征求意见稿)》表示,互联网租赁自行车是城市绿色交通系统的组成部分,是方便公众短距离出行和公共交通接驳换乘的重要方式。

作为绿色交通,共享单车既不是“纯公共”产品,又不是“纯私人”产品。诸大建认为,新生事物和现行制度有一定的冲突,需要的其实是包容。无论是企业只管生不管养,还是政府只处理不规范,这种“猫捉老鼠”式的对抗,并不利于从共享走向共赢。

多位专家认为,依法行政是城市管理的基本底线。只有寻找出管理中的“最大公约数”,考虑其两重性,才能让这一便民创新之举走到最后;同时确立准入标准,避免出现运营乱、质量差等行业乱象。

“企业应告别‘躲迷藏’,从投放走向运营,把单车作为一种线下运维服务,将50%的力量放到运营上;政府应告别‘停禁扣’,从处理走向沟通,将以前投在公共自行车上的力量转移到对共享单车的管理上。”诸大建说。

张柱庭认为,共享单车的监管,要找好基本的坐标。我国节约能源法中明确规定,鼓励使用非机动交通工具出行,目前对共享单车的规定,都是“鼓励”为先。而且,“这么新鲜的东西,从来没有立过法,哪来禁止一说呢?如果要设立行政许可方可进入,也需更高层面,而非一地一议”。

张柱庭说,从深化改革的大背景下,慢行系统、绿色交通是公共交通的一部分,过去通过行政力量一直很难健全,通过这次“互联网+”的方式基本解决了。“对于运行中出现的一些问题,可以靠企业自我修复来解决,并不是一有问题政府就上来制止,政府管理监督企业,督促企业自行修复、不断完善,而非一禁了之。”

有网友认为,一方面,当地政府投入4000多万元建设自行车公共租赁服务;另一方面,却对不需要政府花一分钱的共享单车拒之门外,背后的原因是什么?是政府部门仅仅出于公共利益的目的,还是有其他原因?永安行公司可以打着城管名义去清收竞争对手的车辆吗?这些盘旋在公众心中的疑问,需要有明确的回应。

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