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一座山上容不下两只老虎,一张银行卡上也是如此。之所以会出现双标卡这种奇特的事物,是中国银联和国际卡组织源于特定的历史条件下的合作。然而时过境迁。伴随着银联的快速发展壮大,曾经的双赢合作,逐渐走向竞争关系。目前银联卡全球受理网络已延伸到162个国家和地区,42个国家和地区发行了银联卡。境外可刷银联卡的商户超过1300万户,可用银联卡取现的ATM近120万台。加上银联在一些国家和地区砸重金搞促销,这让很多双标卡持卡人在境外刷卡也用起了银联通道。这样的情况使得国际卡组织很不满。另一方面,中国银联也苦恼于没有双标卡的归属权。细心的持卡人会发现,双标卡的卡号大多以“3”、“4”或“5”开头,并不是以银联的BIN号“62”开头。这就意味着,双标卡真正意义上的知识产权和归属权并不是中国银联,而是国际卡组织。
此外,双标卡都是磁条卡,安全性较低。从2012年末开始,各商业银行陆续开展了磁条卡升级为芯片卡的工作。但因为POS机不能同时支持银联的PBOC标准和境外卡组织的EMV标准,不能把两种芯片放在一张卡上,所以双标卡换单标卡也势在必行。
没有双标卡仍能“一卡走天下”
“现在大家之所以觉得双标卡方便,可以一卡走天下,是通过银联和国际卡组织两个结算通道实现的。那就是在国内刷银联,用人民币结算,在国外刷万事达或VISA,用美元结算。我国银行卡市场开放以后,万事达、VISA、美国运通、JCB等等外卡组织在国内也能发行人民币信用卡,那持有上述外卡组织信用卡的中国消费者依然可以一卡走天下,境内、境外消费都刷同一张卡。事实上,现在很多银联单标卡的持卡人,已经实现这种做法了。今后就看谁的境内境外渠道铺得更广、优惠更多,消费者就会选择哪家卡组织的信用卡。”我爱卡主编董峥介绍,按照 WTO 的裁定,中国应该在2015年8月29日前开放人民币转接清算市场。因此2015年4月,我国政府发布相关规定。可以说,从那一天开始,各家卡组织都盼望着早日拿到人民币转接清算牌照,在国内正式开展人民币业务。虽然多家外卡组织早已准备好提交申请,但鉴于准入标准一直没有正式颁布,因此这块牌照就一直难产至今。直到今年初,中美元首在海湖庄园会晤期间提出“中美经济合作百日计划”。最近公布的“早期收获”的结论,是首次明确给出了颁布准入标准的时间表,中国银行卡清算市场对外开放终于有了实质性进展。
薅羊毛不必再出国门
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