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北京首设15家临终关怀试点单位 临终关怀病房内

2017-05-08 17:52:37   北京晨报

德胜社区卫生服务中心临终关怀科副主任金琳告诉记者,他们接收的患者主要以癌症晚期的肿瘤病人为主,此外还有高龄脑衰、慢病终末期患者。病人需要有明确的诊断证明,并且家属要自愿放弃有创的介入治疗手段。他们中有一些是家属直接找上门的,还有一部分是大医院转过来的,其中相当一部分患者并不知道自己的真实病情。由于德胜社区医联体对接北大医院、人民医院,因此这些周围医院相关科室的专家,也会主动推荐有需要的病人过来,他们都致力于让病人在临终阶段过得舒适。住院时间长短会根据患者病情而定,病情需要可以住到去世。如果病人经过一段治疗病情恢复平稳,还没有到最终的临终阶段,德胜社区的医生也会建议病人回到家里,由居家医护持续管理。临终关怀护理包括了人文关怀、哀伤辅导、灵性交流、心理干预等。

金琳说,缓和医疗涉及“身心社灵”四个部分。以“谈心”为主,他们会先跟家属谈,通常他们会引导式地直接发问。如果德胜社区生命关怀病房的医生的预判与家属认知一致,就会告知接下来会为病人做些什么。比如会尽力帮助病人解决躯体痛苦的问题,包括止痛、解决吃不下饭、睡不了觉、大便困难、褥疮、皮肤破溃等问题。然后还会与家属协商,要不要把病情尝试一点点地渗透告知患者本人。“但是家属的这一关其实很难过。”金琳说,有些家属就是死活都不允许告诉病人真实病情,总怕亲人承受不了被“吓死”。“其实我们这些年接触过这么多病人,没有一例是被‘吓死’的。”金琳说。

  病例

  志愿者陪老人“活满每一天”

曾经有一个前列腺癌骨转移的70多岁的老年患者,来的时候,已经截瘫并被大医院诊断只有半年生命时间。可是他住进来以后,护士给他解决躯体疼痛的问题,舒服了以后,老爷子就是因为不知道自己的病情,一直坚持要求下地走路,但其实由于肿瘤的骨转移他已经不可能再下地了。如果不告诉他实情,这位患者就会对医护产生误解,认为护士没有尽力帮助他康复。后来经过与家属协商,决定告诉老爷子实情。

接下来,护士更加密切观察着老人的反应,陪着老人,准备着随时心理干预的介入。三天时间,老人从一声不吭、滴水不进到第三天逐渐想通了,对护士说:“我懂了,我不会再要求站起来了,我配合你们。”

在随后的日子里,大学生志愿者轮流陪着老人,跟医护人员一起在老人生日时办生日会,表演节目,陪着他下棋、读书,为老人剪指甲,讲笑话逗他开心。其间,照顾老人的大学生志愿者入伍当兵了,这个来自北京科技大学的志愿者小伙子就像老人的孙子一样,每两周从部队给老人寄一封亲笔信。每一次来信,信纸都被折得皱巴巴的,原来小伙子是利用站岗的间隙偷着给老人写信,听护士念信是老人最开心也最期盼的时刻。

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