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中国原油战略储备待提速 需加快原油期货上市步伐

2017-05-08 17:52:04   经济参考报

今年以来,国际油价波动频繁,国内成品油价格也经历了“三涨三跌”,其中最近一次成品油价格调整发生在4月12日24时,汽柴油价格迎来年内最大涨幅。依据新华(大庆)国际石油资讯中心发布的报告,截至5月3日,全国成品油价格指数为666.09,跌幅0.75%,全国成品油价格指数继续下挫。

专家分析认为,国际油价走势存在波动但大幅上涨可能性较小。在地缘政治风险可能加剧的背景下,专家建议抓住机遇加速推进我国战略原油储备工作,适时加快原油期货上市步伐,提高国际原油定价话语权。

  国内油价“三涨三跌”对物价影响不大

4月12日24时,国内汽柴油价格每吨分别提高200元和190元。这是今年以来我国成品油价格第三次上调,也是今年涨幅最大的一次。这次成品油价格上调主要原因在于近期国际油价持续抬升。自3月下旬至这次调价之前,纽约原油期货价格涨幅超过12%,布伦特原油期货价格涨幅超过10%。

不过,这次油价大幅上涨对物价影响不大。能源研究机构中宇资讯数据监测模型显示,本轮国内成品油调价汽柴油涨幅均值达到2.62%,调价或影响4月CPI指数接近0.013个百分点。尽管燃油成本上升将对社会物价形成推力,但今年3月我国成品油价格曾两次下调,且当下主要食品价格继续呈现下行趋势,这意味着国内物价运行未来仍将保持平稳态势。

去年以来,我国已经历了八轮成品油调价,其中三次上调、三次下调、两次搁浅,汽柴油价格累计均下跌了每吨65元。

新华(大庆)国际石油资讯中心的全国成品油价格指数运行结果表明,5月3日当周,报告周期92#汽油平均价格报收于6537元/吨,较前一报告周期下跌65元/吨(折合0.05元/升);0#柴油平均价格报收于5680元/吨,较前一报告周期下跌35元/吨(折合0.03元/升)。综合来看,全国汽柴油平均价格均下跌,带动全国成品油价格指数下行。该中心分析师蒋冰认为,国内市场因油品刚需恢复缓慢,业者入市意愿较弱,交投清淡。

国际市场方面,美国石油学会(API)近日公布数据显示,截至4月28日当周,美国原油库存减少415.8万桶至5.283亿桶,库欣原油库存减少21.5万桶,该消息利好国际油价,预计短期油价将维持震荡态势。

国际能源研究机构安迅思能源与策略研究中心总监李莉说,近期地缘政治风波骤起,比如叙利亚空袭、美朝争端等,石油作为战略战备物资而被推高价格。同时,石油输出国组织(欧佩克)计划在5月的减产监督会议上重新评估减产协议是否将延长6个月。从目前各方释放的信号来看,欧佩克减产计划延长的概率较大,这使得国际油价受到支撑而走高。

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