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体验生死两相安 专家称“死亡教育”应贯穿人生始终

2017-05-08 17:52:29   北京晨报

北京老年医院临终关怀病房

特点:北京第一家拥有临终关怀病房的三级医院

柔和的色彩、随处可见的卡通贴纸,绿色盆栽……与一般的病房不同,北京老年医院临终关怀(安宁疗护)病房不仅有专业化的生活、医学护理,还有舒缓治疗、心理干预、营养支持等。这里的病人会根据个人情况接受适当的“死亡教育”,并获得相应的心理干预。作为本市第一家拥有临终关怀病房的三级综合医院,这里的临终关怀病房规模至今仍是全市最大的。

北京某医院临终关怀病房内护士握着病人的手。(资料图片)   首席摄影记者 蔡代征/摄

  始终处于满员状态

据老年医院临终关怀病房主任姜宏宁介绍,目前临终关怀病房有40张床位,2010年5月成立时只有21张床位。由于其后几年有需求的患者及家庭一直在增加,2015年10月前后扩充到目前的床位规模,但病床始终处于满员状态,且预约本上总会有不少病人在排队等床,等上一至两周时间非常普遍。

姜主任告诉记者,现在很多人对“临终”的概念还存在误解,来咨询的也有很多并不属于临终患者的范畴,其中以生活不能自理导致长期卧床的慢病患者居多。比如气管切开、卧床之后的褥疮患者等,在敬老院或者一级医院是没法处理的。虽然这类病人和家属希望转到像老年医院这样的综合医院来,但这类病人如果能护理得当,生命存活期是可以很长的,因此这部分人群实际上并不属于临终关怀病房收治的对象。

在接收病人之前,老年医院临终关怀病房的医生会进行病情评估,如果有以下两个突出问题存在就符合接收条件:其一是病情是现阶段医学手段无法治愈的;其二是病情处于进展阶段,重要脏器譬如肝、肾、心脏等已经出现功能不全,也就是衰竭状态,病人处于极度痛苦中。

  适当接受“死亡教育”

“到我们这的病人都属于认可临终放弃积极治疗的。”姜主任说,近些年他所遇到的一定要求临终时还要积极救治的患者越来越少了,大部分患者亲身体验过治疗的痛苦,已经慢慢能够接受无法治愈、最终走向临终的这个现实。

“我们这里的大部分病人是了解自己病情的,所以他看到临终关怀这几个字不会出现心理上特别的抵触或拒绝。另外,入院后医护人员也会根据不同的患者情况适当地开展死亡教育:护士们会去了解病人的背景、家庭情况甚至知识层次,注意观察医生对其讲述病情时患者的反应和接受程度,以此来判断患者对死亡教育的接受度。对于那些特别敏感、对死亡话题采取回避的患者,医护人员也会尽量避免刺激到病人。”

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