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廉价药去哪儿了?难以承受的短缺之痛!

2017-05-03 13:36:40   新华网

低价救命药缘何会出现“有需求、无供给”的怪象?中国医药企业管理协会副会长牛正乾指出,药品是特殊商品,对病人属于“刚需”。完全靠市场,药品生产成本上涨,利润空间下降,药企不愿意生产,医生不愿意开方子,价格低、用量小的药品就容易短缺

“我国是原料药的生产和出口大国,总体上看,原料药工业属于精细化工,生产工序多、投入大、高耗能。”专家表示,原料药分为发酵型和合成型两类。发酵型的上游为粮食,合成型的上游是原油,这些上游材料价格的波动都会影响到药品的生产。

原料药到底有多重要?药品价格相关监管机构负责人曾表示,我国上千种原料药中,有50种原料药只有一家企业取得审批可生产,一家原料药甚至要供应上百家制剂生产企业,市场依赖度可见一斑。

“一些地方招标一味追求低价格,这也无形中加速了廉价药的消失。”重庆天圣制药集团董事长刘群表示,“在利润过低的情况下,厂商干脆停产,或者换新包装再涨价。”

按照现行政策,基本药物实行省级集中采购,并实行零加成。“不少企业为打开销路会以廉价药作为‘敲门砖’挤入采购目录。”中国医学科学院专家孙建方说,招标几年一次,药品一旦以低价招标并定价进入医保支付体系,即使成本上涨也无法根据市场情况改变价格。

与此同时,“黄牛”倒买倒卖,市场药品购销秩序混乱,使廉价药更“难求”。有关调查显示,注射用促皮质素正常零售价是七八元,而“黑市”上竟被炒到上千元。即使价格高得如此离谱,仍旧一药难寻。

摸清短缺药“家底”,走出“救火式”治理

药品短缺是全球普遍存在的难题。国家食品药品监管总局副局长吴浈指出,药品短缺成因复杂,主要表现为供应性、生产性、机制性以及垄断性短缺。

记者调查发现,目前市面上的短缺药,有的药品原料供应具有季节性特点,直接影响药品生产;有的药品用量很小、利润微薄,企业缺乏生产积极性;有的药品供应链条长、环节多,供需双方不能有效衔接;还有个别企业通过控制药品原料销售,囤货不卖……

人命关天,十万火急。对临床必需、用量小且易短缺的药品,必须走出“救火式”的治理模式。江苏省卫生和计划生育委员会主任王咏红建议,应走出“信息孤岛”,尽快摸清短缺药“家底”,将临床必需、短缺后影响大的药品纳入重点监控目录。

近期,食药监总局也重点围绕能力性和结构性短缺,采取措施鼓励这类产品注册、申报,同时对这类短缺药加快审评。吴浈介绍,2016年食药监总局发布的《关于解决药品注册申请积压实行优先审评审批的意见》,对优先审评列出了17种情形,将临床急需、市场短缺的都纳入优先审评,同时明确优先审评程序和工作要求。

解决药品短缺问题,既要快速应对燃眉之急,更应着力建立长效机制。按照国务院办公厅印发的《关于进一步改革完善药品生产流通使用政策的若干意见》,我国将建立完善短缺药品信息采集、报送、分析、会商制度,统筹采取定点生产、药品储备、应急生产、协商调剂等措施确保药品市场供应。

花少的钱用好的药——救命药短缺的问题也并非我国独有。看来,发挥好政府的“有形之手”,建立跨部门联动机制,调节市场失灵的难题,保证短缺药的合理供应,才能为患者们更好地“托底”。

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