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有疗效无“前途”被消失 廉价救命药频现药荒困局
2017-04-28 15:31:04 经济参考报
目前廉价药面临的尴尬现状,原因是多方面的。专家认为,想要拯救廉价药,特别是救命的廉价药,根据不同的原因对症下药破解“药荒”困局。
制定并完善相关法律法规,规范相关利益主体的市场行为。为有效干预药品短缺、保障药品供应,美国曾颁布《孤儿药品法案》《药品短缺管理指南》等。我国针对药品短缺也曾出台相关政策,但是缺乏细化指标,缺乏严格监管以及问责制度,存在落实难问题。
规范药品短缺管理流程,逐渐建立以早期预警为核心的干预机制。专家指出,药品短缺管理一般分为短缺信息搜集、短缺状态评估、确认短缺后的应急机制三个阶段。其实,廉价药缺失,并非我国独有,在西方发达国家,对这个问题的探索也一直在进行。比如美国的做法是,就一些重要的抗癌药建立国家储备库,众议院和参议院提出立法建议,赋予美国食品和药品管理局相应的权力,要求制药公司提前发出药品供应可能中断的预警。
建立药品短缺信息平台,实时发布短缺信息。业内人士指出,发达国家利用药品短缺信息平台及时发布药品短缺信息,使制药厂商、医师、患者等利益相关方充分了解药品短缺情况,及时调整自身行为,配合政府有效应对药品短缺。
从生产端入手,通过建立生产激励机制,鼓励其他厂商扩大生产,协助问题厂商恢复生产,实行常见短缺品种的定点生产,完善药品储备体系、增加临时进口等措施,弥补市场差额,缓解药品短缺。分析认为,对于廉价药品的生产厂家,国家可以进行定点定量生产,统购统销,或者建立特殊药品储备,让企业的产销没有后顾之忧。
在我国现有药品定价与招标体系下,一旦药品以低价招标并定价,进入医保支付体系后,即使成本上涨也无法根据市场情况改变价格,这就导致厂商干脆停产。分析认为,要让廉价药恢复生产,国家应对其重新进行合理定价,允许企业适当提高廉价药的价格,并且在资金、税收等方面给予一定的倾斜政策和财政补贴,满足百姓对廉价药品的需求。记者 黎华玲 重庆报道
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