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有疗效无“前途”被消失 廉价救命药频现药荒困局

2017-04-28 15:31:04   经济参考报

网友“释怀”说,青光眼手术用药断货,病人等不起。微信用户“JOG”表示自己是一名青光眼术后恢复患者,他说药品消失了却没有相同效果的药品替代,想想都害怕,希望相关部门尽早解决。

廉价救命药频现“药荒”之困

我国通过建立并完善基本医疗保障体系,鼓励发展医药产业等战略性举措,在保障药品可及方面取得了一定的成绩。但药品短缺问题并未得到根本解决,丝裂霉素断货只是我国廉价药“药荒”现状的一个缩影。治疗重症肌无力的“溴吡斯的明片”、治疗儿童肿瘤的“平阳霉素”、心脏手术用药“鱼精蛋白”、治疗心脏衰竭的抢救用药“西地兰注射液”等多种廉价药屡屡出现短缺情况。

业内人士指出,一些廉价救命药,由于需求量少、生产成本高,导致厂家生产不积极,这是造成短缺的主要原因。也有专家认为,原料市场价格走高、原有的医保招投标和政策限价制度影响之外,医院、医生、医药中间商、药厂等多个环节的各自利益诉求也是形成廉价药危机的因素。

重庆医科大学附属儿童医院肿瘤外科主任王珊透露,去年医院一度面临儿童肿瘤用药“平阳霉素”断货的现象,她几经周折才从外省找到几盒存货。她说,现在治疗肿瘤的新药不断研发出来,价格上去了但效果不一定相同,平阳霉素价格低廉效果好,但是适用人群小,厂家没利润就不会再投产。

第三军医大学附属西南医院药剂科主任药师夏培元对此表示,确实有一部分廉价药是被药效更好的药取代,但更多的廉价药消失的原因是价格太低,制药、流通厂商没有利润空间,所以不愿生产经销。一般廉价药的替代药物,要么是价格高,要么是达不到应有效果。

梳理廉价药“药荒”的轨迹,不难发现,廉价药消失的过程可总结为“有疗效、无‘前途’、被消失”。生产廉价药的厂商,是决定廉价药命脉的中断因素。但是如果让企业一直赔本生产,这是任何一家企业都无法承受的。正如舆论指出的那样,追求高利润是商业的本性,无法将低价药的生产寄望于商业的道德和自觉之上。专家指出,以60片装的前列康普安乐片为例,30多年来价格一直是12.2元。然而,30多年来,光原料一项,成本就上涨了78倍。这样的对比数字,只能用“难以想象”来形容,我们无法在道德的层面去谴责生产商,因为在这种情况下,他们生产得越多,亏损就会越多。

多举并施破解“药荒”困局

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