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楼市有望进入二手房时代 大规模新增建设高潮过去了

2017-04-26 14:36:04   中国经济网

可以说,二手房市场快速反弹是本轮楼市回暖的最大特征。二手房市场之所以反弹,最大的动因就是新房预售管制下,开发商新盘入市的积极性下降,新房供需两端一起回落,需求开始转向二手房市场,甚至是“类住宅”市场。特别是,此前并不活跃的三四线城市二手房市场,近期也普遍强势反弹。

需求之所以快速回升,与政策的微妙变化有关。2017年,宏观经济主题是稳增长和防风险,这就决定了资金供应适度、利率仍将在低位,也决定了房价不可能大跌。此时买房,风险或许是锁定的,而去年10月调控后的短暂回调,似乎也是建仓的机会。同时,春节后,传言中的加息未来临,央行和银监会屡屡强调房贷要支持合理需求和“去库存”。

另外,今年全国“两会”确立了“分类调控”的楼市管理主基调。就热点城市调控而言,尽管力度和措施“加码”,但在政策思路上,采取的是疏导需求、鼓励合理需求,而不是抑制需求;方向是稳定房价,而不是打压房价;就“去库存”而言,更强调需求端激活,如三四线城市与大城市基础设施互联互通,棚改“货币化”,鼓励“返乡置业”等。当然,直到近期,住建部和国土资源部联合发文明确,在售库存去化周期超过12个月的,要缩减土地供应。业内普遍认为,管理层此举,或意在让楼市量价在高位实现中期平衡,为平衡“稳增长”和“调结构”留出足够的时空。

此外,本轮调控给市场的一个印象是,通过购房“扎根”大城市的门貌似正在慢慢关上。比如,限购从大城市中心区扩展到外围,甚至扩展到周边三四线城市(县);限购范围从住宅扩大到非住宅;非户籍人群购房门槛逐步抬高,非户籍人群在热点城市购房所需社保和税收缴纳时限,从原来的1年逐步提高到5年,中间还不能断缴。同时,因高房价而溢出到外围购房的,原来没有社保或税收缴纳时限要求,现在也相继推出。

因此,出于在大都市圈“扎根”的顾虑,赶政策末班车而“抢上车”,也是这一波购房热潮的一大主力。于是,新房预售管制下,需求开始转向二手住房、“类住宅”等。二手住房一旦趋暖,中介乱象、投机炒作等问题开始严重了,比如近期北京学区房炒作、规避限购的假离婚和企业购房等,以及“类住宅”大行其道。另一个重要的原因是,2014年以来热点楼市回升,改善型需求是主力。但近年来,因土地价格高企、“地王”频现,新房供应越来越偏远、越来越豪宅化、公共服务配套越来越差,特别是教育医疗等。于是,改善型需求开始转向性价比更高、供应效率更高的二手住房市场。因此可判断,未来全国将加速进入存量房市场。

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