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一季度就业“温暖开局” 登记失业率创近年新低

2017-04-26 10:17:00   经济参考报

难题 年内仍需安置化解产能职工50万

在就业总量压力仍然较大,结构性就业矛盾更加突出的背景下,今年的就业形势依然严峻复杂。卢爱红表示,据测算,今年需要在城镇就业的新成长劳动力在1500万人以上,其中高校毕业生795万,达到历史高位,已经占到了新成长劳动力的一半以上。此外,还有新转移的农村劳动力300多万人,也需要在城镇有一定的就业空间。

与此同时,结构性就业矛盾更加突出。“产业转型升级、技术进步所需的高层次和技能人才缺乏,一线员工也不好招,这是长期存在的问题。同时,大龄低技能劳动者和部分高校毕业生就业更加困难,结构性和摩擦性失业增多,化解产能过剩职工安置任务也十分繁重。”卢爱红介绍,今年化解钢铁、煤炭过剩产能还需要安置职工50万人左右。

中国社科院副院长蔡昉表示,在调结构、去产能和处置“僵尸企业”过程中,部分地区、部分行业会遭遇就业冲击,部分职工面临结构性和摩擦性失业问题。此外,在就业数量扩大的同时,部分群体的就业质量有待提高。占城镇就业比重高达37%的农民工群体,劳动合同签订率仅约为40%。由于就业质量不高,很多农民工在40岁以后就有较强的返乡意愿。在农村新成长劳动力逐年减少的情况下,如果返乡人口数量超过新增转移人口数量,就会形成逆城镇化现象,进一步加剧劳动力短缺,不利于经济保持中高速增长。

专家认为,在经济发展新常态下,我国劳动力供求关系呈现新特点,就业出现了新形势。这就要求就业优先战略有更大作为。

首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院院长冯喜良建议,应实施更加积极的就业政策,包括不断加大就业资金投入,完善促进就业创业的税收优惠、小额担保贷款等,并加大对劳动密集型企业、服务业、中小企业特别是小微企业的扶持力度,加强就业政策与产业、贸易、财税、金融等政策的协调。

针对这些复杂的形势,人社部表示,将继续把就业作为该部第一位的工作,以确保就业大局稳、重点群体稳为底线,切实抓紧抓好新政策的配套落地。同时加强就业政策与宏观经济政策的协同配合,强化对创业创新的鼓励支持,扶持新就业形态发展,强化职业培训和公共服务。记者 李唐宁 北京报道

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